महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-23, verse-21

तेभ्यो रत्नं हिरण्यं वा गामश्वान्वा ददाति यः ।
दश वर्षाणि विष्ठां स भुङ्क्ते निरयमाश्रितः ॥२१॥

21. tebhyo ratnaṁ hiraṇyaṁ vā gāmaśvānvā dadāti yaḥ ,
daśa varṣāṇi viṣṭhāṁ sa bhuṅkte nirayamāśritaḥ.

21. tebhyaḥ ratnam hiraṇyam vā gām aśvān vā dadāti yaḥ
daśa varṣāṇi viṣṭhām saḥ bhuṅkte nirayam āśritaḥ

21. yaḥ tebhyaḥ ratnam hiraṇyam vā gām aśvān vā dadāti
saḥ nirayam āśritaḥ daśa varṣāṇi viṣṭhām bhuṅkte

21. Whoever gives gems, gold, a cow, or horses to them, that person, having fallen into hell, will consume excrement for ten years.

Words meanings summery:

• तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) - to them, for them

• रत्नम् (ratnam) - gem, jewel, treasure

• हिरण्यम् (hiraṇyam) - gold, wealth

• वा (vā) - or

• गाम् (gām) - cow (cow, earth)

• अश्वान् (aśvān) - horses

• वा (vā) - or

• ददाति (dadāti) - gives

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• दश (daśa) - ten

• वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years (years, rains, rainy seasons)

• विष्ठाम् (viṣṭhām) - excrement, feces

• सः (saḥ) - that person (referring to 'yaḥ') (he, that)

• भुङ्क्ते (bhuṅkte) - consumes (eats, enjoys, experiences)

• निरयम् (nirayam) - hell, underworld

• आश्रितः (āśritaḥ) - having resorted to, having fallen into (resorted to, dependent on, having entered, taken refuge in)

Words meanings and morphology

तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) - to them, for them

(pronoun)

Dative, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

रत्नम् (ratnam) - gem, jewel, treasure

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ratna

ratna - gem, jewel, treasure

हिरण्यम् (hiraṇyam) - gold, wealth

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of hiraṇya

hiraṇya - gold, wealth

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

गाम् (gām) - cow (cow, earth)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of go

go - cow, ox, earth, ray of light

अश्वान् (aśvān) - horses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of aśva

aśva - horse

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

ददाति (dadāti) - gives

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dā

present active

3rd class verb (juhotyādi), present tense, active voice, 3rd person singular

Root: dā (class 3)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

दश (daśa) - ten

(indeclinable)

Note: Acts as an adjective for 'varṣāṇi'.

वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years (years, rains, rainy seasons)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of varṣa

varṣa - year, rain, rainy season, cloud

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Denotes duration.

विष्ठाम् (viṣṭhām) - excrement, feces

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of viṣṭhā

viṣṭhā - excrement, feces

सः (saḥ) - that person (referring to 'yaḥ') (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Correlative pronoun to 'yaḥ'.

भुङ्क्ते (bhuṅkte) - consumes (eats, enjoys, experiences)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of bhuj

present middle

7th class verb (rudhādi), present tense, middle voice, 3rd person singular

Root: bhuj (class 7)

निरयम् (nirayam) - hell, underworld

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of niraya

niraya - hell, perdition, going down

Note: Destination of action implied by 'āśritaḥ'.

आश्रितः (āśritaḥ) - having resorted to, having fallen into (resorted to, dependent on, having entered, taken refuge in)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āśrita

āśrita - resorted to, dependent on, having recourse to, attached to

Past Passive Participle

From verb root śri (to resort to, cling to) with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Derived from the root śri with the prefix ā, meaning 'to resort to, to take refuge in.'