महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-23, verse-32

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
कीदृशाः साधवो विप्राः केभ्यो दत्तं महाफलम् ।
कीदृशानां च भोक्तव्यं तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥३२॥

32. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
kīdṛśāḥ sādhavo viprāḥ kebhyo dattaṁ mahāphalam ,
kīdṛśānāṁ ca bhoktavyaṁ tanme brūhi pitāmaha.

32. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca kīdṛśāḥ sādhavaḥ viprāḥ kebhyaḥ dattam
mahāphalam kīdṛśānām ca bhoktavyam tat me brūhi pitāmaha

32. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca he pitāmaha me tat brūhi kīdṛśāḥ sādhavaḥ
viprāḥ kebhyaḥ dattam mahāphalam ca kīdṛśānām bhoktavyam

32. Yudhiṣṭhira said: O Grandfather, tell me: what kind of virtuous brahmins (vipra) are there? To whom, when a gift (dāna) is given, is the fruit great? And whose food should be eaten?

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (a proper name, eldest Pandava)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• कीदृशाः (kīdṛśāḥ) - of what kind, what sort, how

• साधवः (sādhavaḥ) - virtuous people, righteous ones, good persons, sages

• विप्राः (viprāḥ) - brahmins, wise men, sages

• केभ्यः (kebhyaḥ) - to whom, for whom

• दत्तम् (dattam) - given, offered

• महाफलम् (mahāphalam) - great fruit, great reward, abundant result

• कीदृशानाम् (kīdṛśānām) - of what kind of people, of what sort of persons

• च (ca) - and, also

• भोक्तव्यम् (bhoktavyam) - to be eaten, to be enjoyed, fit to be consumed

• तत् (tat) - that, this

• मे (me) - to me, for me, my

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell!, say!

• पितामह (pitāmaha) - O Grandfather! (addressing Bhishma) (O Grandfather!, O great father!)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (a proper name, eldest Pandava)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name), firm in battle

yudhi (in battle) + sthira (firm)

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudh+sthira)

• yudh – battle, war
  noun (feminine)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  From root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense (liṭ), active voice

Irregular perfect formation of vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

कीदृशाः (kīdṛśāḥ) - of what kind, what sort, how

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kīdṛśa

kīdṛśa - of what kind, what sort, how

kim (what) + dṛś (like, appearing)

साधवः (sādhavaḥ) - virtuous people, righteous ones, good persons, sages

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sādhu

sādhu - good, virtuous, righteous, holy man, sage

From root sādh (to accomplish, succeed)

Root: sādh (class 5)

Note: Adjective for viprāḥ.

विप्राः (viprāḥ) - brahmins, wise men, sages

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vipra

vipra - brahmin, priest, wise man, inspired

From root vip (to tremble, to be inspired), or related to brahman.

Root: vip (class 1)

Note: Subject of an implied verb 'are'.

केभ्यः (kebhyaḥ) - to whom, for whom

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - who, what, which

Interrogative pronoun.

Note: Indicates recipient of dattam.

दत्तम् (dattam) - given, offered

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of datta

datta - given, granted, offered

Past Passive Participle

From root dā (to give) + kta suffix.

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Refers to 'a gift'.

महाफलम् (mahāphalam) - great fruit, great reward, abundant result

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahāphala

mahāphala - great fruit, great reward, abundant result

mahā (great) + phala (fruit, result)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+phala)

• mahā – great, large, extensive
  adjective (feminine)
• phala – fruit, result, reward, consequence
  noun (neuter)

Note: Predicate of an implied verb 'is'.

कीदृशानाम् (kīdṛśānām) - of what kind of people, of what sort of persons

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kīdṛśa

kīdṛśa - of what kind, what sort, how

kim (what) + dṛś (like, appearing)

Note: Qualifies an implied noun like 'persons'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

भोक्तव्यम् (bhoktavyam) - to be eaten, to be enjoyed, fit to be consumed

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhoktavya

bhoktavya - to be eaten, to be enjoyed, fit to be consumed

Gerundive (kṛtya)

From root bhuj (to eat, enjoy) + tavya suffix.

Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Predicate adjective.

तत् (tat) - that, this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this

Note: Refers to the implied 'matter'.

मे (me) - to me, for me, my

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of mad

mad - I, me

Weak form of 1st person pronoun.

Note: Recipient of the action of telling.

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell!, say!

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Imperative mood, active voice

Irregular imperative form of root brū (or vac).

Root: brū (class 2)

पितामह (pitāmaha) - O Grandfather! (addressing Bhishma) (O Grandfather!, O great father!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - grandfather, great father (often used for Bhishma, Brahma)

pitṛ (father) + maha (great) - derived meaning 'father's father'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pitṛ+maha)

• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)
• maha – great, big
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Direct address to Bhishma.