महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-23, verse-33

भीष्म उवाच ।
अक्रोधना धर्मपराः सत्यनित्या दमे रताः ।
तादृशाः साधवो विप्रास्तेभ्यो दत्तं महाफलम् ॥३३॥

33. bhīṣma uvāca ,
akrodhanā dharmaparāḥ satyanityā dame ratāḥ ,
tādṛśāḥ sādhavo viprāstebhyo dattaṁ mahāphalam.

33. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca akrodhanāḥ dharmaparāḥ satyanityāḥ dame
ratāḥ tādṛśāḥ sādhavaḥ viprāḥ tebhyaḥ dattam mahāphalam

33. Bhīṣma said: Those who are free from anger, devoted to natural law (dharma), constantly truthful, and delight in self-control—such virtuous brahmins are considered worthy. A great reward accrues from giving to them.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अक्रोधनाः (akrodhanāḥ) - free from anger, not angry

• धर्मपराः (dharmaparāḥ) - devoted to natural law (dharma), intent on righteousness

• सत्यनित्याः (satyanityāḥ) - constantly truthful, always adhering to truth

• दमे (dame) - in self-control, in restraint

• रताः (ratāḥ) - devoted, engaged, delighting in

• तादृशाः (tādṛśāḥ) - such, of such a kind, like that

• साधवः (sādhavaḥ) - virtuous, righteous, good men

• विप्राः (viprāḥ) - brahmins, learned persons

• तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) - to those brahmins described (to them)

• दत्तम् (dattam) - given, offered

• महाफलम् (mahāphalam) - great reward, great fruit

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (a proper name, a character in the Mahābhārata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of √vac

perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

Irregular perfect tense form from the root √vac (vaci-ādi group)

Root: vac (class 2)

अक्रोधनाः (akrodhanāḥ) - free from anger, not angry

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of akrodhana

akrodhana - not angry, free from anger, mild-tempered

Compound formed with 'a' (negation) and 'krodhana' (angry)

Compound type : nañ-bahuvrīhi (a+krodhana)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• krodhana – angry, prone to anger
  adjective (masculine)
  From √krudh (to be angry)
  Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with implied subject 'viprāḥ' (brahmins).

धर्मपराः (dharmaparāḥ) - devoted to natural law (dharma), intent on righteousness

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dharmapara

dharmapara - devoted to natural law (dharma), intent on righteousness, dedicated to duty

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+para)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  From √dhṛ (to uphold, support)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• para – devoted to, intent on, supreme, chief
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with implied subject 'viprāḥ'.

सत्यनित्याः (satyanityāḥ) - constantly truthful, always adhering to truth

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of satyanitya

satyanitya - constantly truthful, always adhering to truth, eternally real

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (satya+nitya)

• satya – truth, true, real, honest
  noun (neuter)
  From sat (being, existence)
• nitya – constant, eternal, perpetual, always existing
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with implied subject 'viprāḥ'.

दमे (dame) - in self-control, in restraint

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dama

dama - self-control, restraint, subduing, taming

From √dam (to tame, subdue)

Root: dam (class 4)

Note: Governed by 'ratāḥ'.

रताः (ratāḥ) - devoted, engaged, delighting in

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rata

rata - devoted to, engaged in, pleased with, delighted

Past Passive Participle

From √ram (to delight, to enjoy, to sport) + kta (PPP suffix)

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Agrees with implied subject 'viprāḥ'.

तादृशाः (tādṛśāḥ) - such, of such a kind, like that

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tādṛśa

tādṛśa - such, of such a kind, similar, like that

From tad (that) + dṛś (appearance, resembling)

Note: Agrees with 'sādhavaḥ viprāḥ'.

साधवः (sādhavaḥ) - virtuous, righteous, good men

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sādhu

sādhu - good, virtuous, righteous, holy, a good or holy man

From √sādh (to accomplish, succeed)

Root: sādh (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'viprāḥ'.

विप्राः (viprāḥ) - brahmins, learned persons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vipra

vipra - brahmin, learned person, inspired one

From √vip (to tremble, inspire)

Root: vip (class 1)

Note: The implicit subject of the first part of the verse.

तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) - to those brahmins described (to them)

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to the 'viprāḥ'.

दत्तम् (dattam) - given, offered

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of datta

datta - given, granted, offered

Past Passive Participle

From √dā (to give) + kta (PPP suffix)

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'mahāphalam'.

महाफलम् (mahāphalam) - great reward, great fruit

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahāphala

mahāphala - great reward, great fruit, highly beneficial

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+phala)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• phala – fruit, result, reward, consequence, benefit
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'asti' (is).