महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-139, verse-25

ततस्तदिरिणं जातं समुद्रश्चापसर्पितः ।
तस्माद्देशान्नदीं चैव प्रोवाचासौ द्विजोत्तमः ॥२५॥

25. tatastadiriṇaṁ jātaṁ samudraścāpasarpitaḥ ,
tasmāddeśānnadīṁ caiva provācāsau dvijottamaḥ.

25. tataḥ tat iriṇam jātam samudraḥ ca apasarpitaḥ
tasmāt deśāt nadīm ca eva provāca asau dvijottamaḥ

25. tataḥ tat iriṇam jātam samudraḥ ca apasarpitaḥ
tasmāt deśāt asau dvijottamaḥ nadīm ca eva provāca

25. Then that area became a desert, and the ocean receded. From that very region, that excellent brahmin (dvija) then addressed the river.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon (thence, from that, then, thereupon)

• तत् (tat) - that (referring to the region) (that, that object)

• इरिणम् (iriṇam) - barren land, desert (desert, barren land, salt soil)

• जातम् (jātam) - became, turned into (born, produced, become, happened)

• समुद्रः (samudraḥ) - the ocean (ocean, sea)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अपसर्पितः (apasarpitaḥ) - receded (receded, moved away, retired)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from that (from that, therefore)

• देशात् (deśāt) - from the region (from the country, from the region)

• नदीम् (nadīm) - the river (Sarasvati, implied) (river)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, just)

• प्रोवाच (provāca) - spoke, addressed (spoke, said, told)

• असौ (asau) - that one (referring to the brahmin) (that, that one (masculine/feminine nominative singular))

• द्विजोत्तमः (dvijottamaḥ) - that excellent brahmin (dvija) (best of brahmins, best of twice-born ones)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon (thence, from that, then, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

From 'tat' (that) + 'tas' suffix (from, thence)

तत् (tat) - that (referring to the region) (that, that object)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, that object

Note: Acts as an adjective here for iriṇam.

इरिणम् (iriṇam) - barren land, desert (desert, barren land, salt soil)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of iriṇa

iriṇa - desert, barren land, salt soil

जातम् (jātam) - became, turned into (born, produced, become, happened)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, become, happened

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'jan' (to be born, to produce)

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Functions as the predicate of the sentence.

समुद्रः (samudraḥ) - the ocean (ocean, sea)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samudra

samudra - ocean, sea

From 'sam' (together) + 'ud' (up) + root 'rā' (to give) or 'dru' (to run), lit. 'collection of waters'

Prefix: sam

Root: dru (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अपसर्पितः (apasarpitaḥ) - receded (receded, moved away, retired)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apasarpita

apasarpita - receded, moved away, retired

Past Passive Participle

From 'apa' (away) + 'sarp' (to creep, move) + 'kta' suffix

Prefix: apa

Root: sṛp (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'samudraḥ'.

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from that (from that, therefore)

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Qualifies 'deśāt'.

देशात् (deśāt) - from the region (from the country, from the region)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of deśa

deśa - country, region, place

Root: diś (class 6)

नदीम् (nadīm) - the river (Sarasvati, implied) (river)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nadī

nadī - river

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Object of 'provāca'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as an intensifier with 'eva'.

एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the preceding word.

प्रोवाच (provāca) - spoke, addressed (spoke, said, told)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of pravac

From 'pra' (forth) + root 'vac' (to speak)

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

असौ (asau) - that one (referring to the brahmin) (that, that one (masculine/feminine nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, that one

Note: Qualifies 'dvijottamaḥ'.

द्विजोत्तमः (dvijottamaḥ) - that excellent brahmin (dvija) (best of brahmins, best of twice-born ones)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvijottama

dvijottama - best of brahmins, best of twice-born ones

Compound of 'dvija' (twice-born) and 'uttama' (best)

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (dvija+uttama)

• dvija – twice-born, brahmin, bird
  noun (masculine)
  From 'dvi' (twice) + root 'jan' (to be born) + 'ḍa' suffix
  Root: jan (class 4)
• uttama – best, excellent, highest
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of 'ud' or 'ucca'