महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-9, verse-35

कृत्वा हि विविधं कर्म तत्तद्विविधलक्षणम् ।
पार्थिवैर्नृपतिः स्वल्पैः कारणैरेव बध्यते ॥३५॥

35. kṛtvā hi vividhaṁ karma tattadvividhalakṣaṇam ,
pārthivairnṛpatiḥ svalpaiḥ kāraṇaireva badhyate.

35. kṛtvā hi vividham karma tat tat vividhalakṣaṇam
pārthivaiḥ nṛpatiḥ svalpaiḥ kāraṇaiḥ eva badhyate

35. hi vividham tat tat vividhalakṣaṇam karma kṛtvā,
nṛpatiḥ svalpaiḥ kāraṇaiḥ eva pārthivaiḥ badhyate

35. Indeed, having performed various actions (karma), each with its own diverse characteristics, a king is bound by even trifling reasons by earthly powers or beings.

Words meanings summery:

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made, after doing

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, surely

• विविधम् (vividham) - various, diverse, manifold

• कर्म (karma) - action, deed, ritual, fate (karma)

• तत् (tat) - each (as part of a distributive pair 'tat tat') (that, it)

• तत् (tat) - each (as part of a distributive pair 'tat tat') (that, it)

• विविधलक्षणम् (vividhalakṣaṇam) - having diverse characteristics (qualifies 'karma') (having diverse characteristics, of various kinds)

• पार्थिवैः (pārthivaiḥ) - by earthly beings, by kings/rulers

• नृपतिः (nṛpatiḥ) - a king, a ruler

• स्वल्पैः (svalpaiḥ) - by trifling, by very small, by insignificant

• कारणैः (kāraṇaiḥ) - by reasons, by causes, by instruments, by motives

• एव (eva) - only, indeed, just

• बध्यते (badhyate) - is bound, is tied, is fettered

Words meanings and morphology

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made, after doing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form of root √kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

हि (hi) - indeed, for, surely

(indeclinable)

विविधम् (vividham) - various, diverse, manifold

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vividha

vividha - various, diverse, manifold, of many kinds

Note: Qualifies 'karma'

कर्म (karma) - action, deed, ritual, fate (karma)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual, fate (karma)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

तत् (tat) - each (as part of a distributive pair 'tat tat') (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Used distributively in 'tat tat' meaning 'each respective'.

तत् (tat) - each (as part of a distributive pair 'tat tat') (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Used distributively in 'tat tat' meaning 'each respective'.

विविधलक्षणम् (vividhalakṣaṇam) - having diverse characteristics (qualifies 'karma') (having diverse characteristics, of various kinds)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vividhalakṣaṇa

vividhalakṣaṇa - having various marks or characteristics

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vividha+lakṣaṇa)

• vividha – various, diverse, manifold
  adjective
• lakṣaṇa – characteristic, mark, sign, attribute
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'karma'. The phrase 'tat tat vividhalakṣaṇam' means 'each karma having its own distinct characteristics'.

पार्थिवैः (pārthivaiḥ) - by earthly beings, by kings/rulers

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pārthiva

pārthiva - earthly, terrestrial; an earthly ruler, king

Derived from 'pṛthivī' (earth)

नृपतिः (nṛpatiḥ) - a king, a ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpati

nṛpati - a king, a ruler, lord of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pati)

• nṛ – man, human
  noun (masculine)
• pati – lord, master, husband, ruler
  noun (masculine)

स्वल्पैः (svalpaiḥ) - by trifling, by very small, by insignificant

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of svalpa

svalpa - very little, trifling, insignificant

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+alpa)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• alpa – small, little, few
  adjective

Note: Qualifies 'kāraṇaiḥ'

कारणैः (kāraṇaiḥ) - by reasons, by causes, by instruments, by motives

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, motive, instrument

एव (eva) - only, indeed, just

(indeclinable)

बध्यते (badhyate) - is bound, is tied, is fettered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of bandh

Present tense, 3rd person singular, passive voice of root √bandh

Root: bandh (class 9)