महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-9, verse-34

दिवः पतत्सु देवेषु स्थानेभ्यश्च महर्षिषु ।
को हि नाम भवेनार्थी भवेत्कारणतत्त्ववित् ॥३४॥

34. divaḥ patatsu deveṣu sthānebhyaśca maharṣiṣu ,
ko hi nāma bhavenārthī bhavetkāraṇatattvavit.

34. divaḥ patatsu deveṣu sthānebhyas ca maharṣiṣu
kaḥ hi nāma bhavena arthī bhavet kāraṇatattvavit

34. divaḥ sthānebhyas ca patatsu deveṣu maharṣiṣu (satsu),
kāraṇatattvavit kaḥ hi nāma bhavena arthī bhavet

34. When even gods fall from heaven and great sages from their stations, who indeed, being knowledgeable about the truth of causes (kāraṇatattva), would truly desire worldly existence (bhava)?

Words meanings summery:

• दिवः (divaḥ) - from heaven, from the sky

• पतत्सु (patatsu) - falling, declining

• देवेषु (deveṣu) - among the gods, in the gods

• स्थानेभ्यस् (sthānebhyas) - from places, from stations

• च (ca) - and

• महर्षिषु (maharṣiṣu) - among the great sages

• कः (kaḥ) - who?

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• नाम (nāma) - truly, by name, an emphatic particle

• भवेन (bhavena) - by worldly existence (bhava) (by existence, by being, with becoming)

• अर्थी (arthī) - desirous of existence (desirous of, seeking, requesting)

• भवेत् (bhavet) - would be, should be, may be

• कारणतत्त्ववित् (kāraṇatattvavit) - one who knows the truth of causes/principles, knower of fundamental reality

Words meanings and morphology

दिवः (divaḥ) - from heaven, from the sky

(noun)

Ablative, feminine, singular of div

div - heaven, sky, day

पतत्सु (patatsu) - falling, declining

(participle)

Locative, masculine, plural of patat

patat - falling, flying, descending

Present Active Participle

Present Active Participle of root √pat

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Adjectival, qualifies 'deveṣu' and 'maharṣiṣu'

देवेषु (deveṣu) - among the gods, in the gods

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity

स्थानेभ्यस् (sthānebhyas) - from places, from stations

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, plural of sthāna

sthāna - place, station, position

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

महर्षिषु (maharṣiṣu) - among the great sages

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of maharṣi

maharṣi - great sage, eminent seer

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ṛṣi)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ṛṣi – sage, seer
  noun (masculine)

कः (kaḥ) - who?

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

नाम (nāma) - truly, by name, an emphatic particle

(indeclinable)

भवेन (bhavena) - by worldly existence (bhava) (by existence, by being, with becoming)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhava

bhava - existence, being, becoming, worldly state (bhava)

Root: bhū (class 1)

अर्थी (arthī) - desirous of existence (desirous of, seeking, requesting)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arthin

arthin - desirous of, seeking, requesting, petitioner

भवेत् (bhavet) - would be, should be, may be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū

Optative mood, 3rd person singular, active voice of root √bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

कारणतत्त्ववित् (kāraṇatattvavit) - one who knows the truth of causes/principles, knower of fundamental reality

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāraṇatattvavit

kāraṇatattvavit - knower of the truth of causes, one who understands fundamental principles

Agent noun formed from 'kāraṇatattva' and the root 'vid'

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāraṇa+tattva+vid)

• kāraṇa – cause, reason, instrument
  noun (neuter)
• tattva – truth, reality, principle, essence
  noun (neuter)
• vid – knowing, one who knows
  noun (masculine)
  Root used as a noun meaning 'knower'
  Root: vid (class 2)