महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-9, verse-33

जन्ममृत्युजराव्याधिवेदनाभिरुपद्रुतम् ।
असारमिममस्वन्तं संसारं त्यजतः सुखम् ॥३३॥

33. janmamṛtyujarāvyādhivedanābhirupadrutam ,
asāramimamasvantaṁ saṁsāraṁ tyajataḥ sukham.

33. janmamṛtyujarāvyādhivedanābhiḥ upadrutam
asāram imam asvantam saṃsāram tyajataḥ sukham

33. janmamṛtyujarāvyādhivedanābhiḥ upadrutam
asāram imam asvantam saṃsāram tyajataḥ sukham

33. Happiness (sukha) belongs to one who renounces this unsubstantial, transient cycle of transmigration (saṃsāra), which is afflicted by birth, death, old age, disease, and pain.

Words meanings summery:

• जन्ममृत्युजराव्याधिवेदनाभिः (janmamṛtyujarāvyādhivedanābhiḥ) - by birth, death, old age, disease, and pain

• उपद्रुतम् (upadrutam) - afflicted, tormented, oppressed

• असारम् (asāram) - unsubstantial, worthless, essence-less

• इमम् (imam) - this

• अस्वन्तम् (asvantam) - transient, fleeting, without a self, without an end

• संसारम् (saṁsāram) - the cycle of transmigration, worldly existence (saṃsāra)

• त्यजतः (tyajataḥ) - of one who abandons, of one who renounces

• सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, pleasure, ease

Words meanings and morphology

जन्ममृत्युजराव्याधिवेदनाभिः (janmamṛtyujarāvyādhivedanābhiḥ) - by birth, death, old age, disease, and pain

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of janmamṛtyujarāvyādhivedanā

janmamṛtyujarāvyādhivedanā - birth, death, old age, disease, and pain

Compound type : dvandva (janman+mṛtyu+jarā+vyādhi+vedanā)

• janman – birth, origin
  noun (neuter)
• mṛtyu – death
  noun (masculine)
• jarā – old age, decrepitude
  noun (feminine)
• vyādhi – disease, sickness
  noun (masculine)
• vedanā – pain, suffering, sensation
  noun (feminine)

उपद्रुतम् (upadrutam) - afflicted, tormented, oppressed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upadruta

upadruta - afflicted, tormented, oppressed

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root √dru with prefix upa

Prefix: upa

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'saṃsāram'

असारम् (asāram) - unsubstantial, worthless, essence-less

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of asāra

asāra - unsubstantial, worthless, essence-less, vain

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sāra)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• sāra – essence, substance, strength, pith
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'saṃsāram'

इमम् (imam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Qualifies 'saṃsāram'

अस्वन्तम् (asvantam) - transient, fleeting, without a self, without an end

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of asvanta

asvanta - without its own end, transient, without true essence or self

Compound formed from 'a' (not) + 'sva' (own) + 'anta' (end)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sva+anta)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• sva – own, self, one's own
  pronoun
• anta – end, limit, boundary, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'saṃsāram'

संसारम् (saṁsāram) - the cycle of transmigration, worldly existence (saṃsāra)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃsāra

saṁsāra - transmigration, cycle of rebirth, worldly existence (saṃsāra)

त्यजतः (tyajataḥ) - of one who abandons, of one who renounces

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tyajat

tyajat - abandoning, renouncing, leaving

Present Active Participle

Present Active Participle of root √tyaj

Root: tyaj (class 1)

सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, pleasure, ease

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, pleasure, ease, joy

Note: Acts as a predicate, indicating 'there is happiness'.