महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-76, verse-8

यद्राष्ट्रेऽकुशलं किंचिद्राज्ञोऽरक्षयतः प्रजाः ।
चतुर्थं तस्य पापस्य राजा भारत विन्दति ॥८॥

8. yadrāṣṭre'kuśalaṁ kiṁcidrājño'rakṣayataḥ prajāḥ ,
caturthaṁ tasya pāpasya rājā bhārata vindati.

8. yat rāṣṭre akuśalam kiñcit rājñaḥ arakṣayataḥ
prajāḥ caturtham tasya pāpasya rājā bhārata vindati

8. he bhārata rājā prajāḥ arakṣayataḥ rājñaḥ rāṣṭre yat
kiñcit akuśalam (bhavati) tasya pāpasya caturtham vindati

8. O Bhārata, the king who fails to protect his subjects incurs a fourth part of whatever evil or misfortune arises in his kingdom.

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - whatever (which, what)

• राष्ट्रे (rāṣṭre) - in the kingdom, in the country

• अकुशलम् (akuśalam) - evil, misfortune (evil, misfortune, unskillful, bad)

• किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - something, anything

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king (of the king, by the king)

• अरक्षयतः (arakṣayataḥ) - of the one who is not protecting (his subjects) (of one not protecting, by one not protecting)

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - people, subjects (subjects, people, offspring)

• चतुर्थम् (caturtham) - a fourth part

• तस्य (tasya) - of that (sin) (of that, of him)

• पापस्य (pāpasya) - of sin, of evil

• राजा (rājā) - king

• भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (O descendant of Bharata, O Arjuna)

• विन्दति (vindati) - incurs, obtains (he finds, obtains, gains)

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - whatever (which, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what

राष्ट्रे (rāṣṭre) - in the kingdom, in the country

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of rāṣṭra

rāṣṭra - kingdom, country, realm, state

अकुशलम् (akuśalam) - evil, misfortune (evil, misfortune, unskillful, bad)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of akuśala

akuśala - unskillful, inauspicious, evil, bad, misfortune

Compound of a- (negation) and kuśala (skillful, good).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kuśala)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• kuśala – skillful, expert, good, well-being, auspicious
  adjective (neuter)

किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - something, anything

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kimcit

kimcit - something, anything, a little

Compound of interrogative pronoun kim and indeclinable cit, forming an indefinite pronoun.

Note: Agrees with akuśalam.

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king (of the king, by the king)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Note: Governs the participle 'arakṣayataḥ'.

अरक्षयतः (arakṣayataḥ) - of the one who is not protecting (his subjects) (of one not protecting, by one not protecting)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of arakṣayat

arakṣayat - not protecting, failing to protect

Present Active Participle (negative)

Negative compound (nañ-tatpuruṣa) of 'a' and 'rakṣayat' (present active participle of rakṣ 'to protect'). The root rakṣ is also sometimes given as a 10th class verb 'rakṣayati'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+rakṣayat)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• rakṣayat – protecting, guarding
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  From root rakṣ, 1st or 10th class.
  Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Describes the king (rājñaḥ) in his state of not protecting.

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - people, subjects (subjects, people, offspring)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - offspring, progeny, people, subjects, creation

From root jan with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Object of 'arakṣayataḥ' (the participle 'not protecting').

चतुर्थम् (caturtham) - a fourth part

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of caturtha

caturtha - fourth, a fourth part

तस्य (tasya) - of that (sin) (of that, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

पापस्य (pāpasya) - of sin, of evil

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of pāpa

pāpa - sin, evil, wickedness, vice, crime

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (O descendant of Bharata, O Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, a king of the Pūru dynasty; appellation for Arjuna and other Kuru princes

Patronymic from Bharata.

विन्दति (vindati) - incurs, obtains (he finds, obtains, gains)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of vid

Present indicative, 3rd person singular

Root vid, 6th conjugation (vidati), Parasmaipada, present tense.

Root: vid (class 6)