महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-72, verse-29

यदह्ना कुरुते पुण्यं प्रजा धर्मेण पालयन् ।
दश वर्षसहस्राणि तस्य भुङ्क्ते फलं दिवि ॥२९॥

29. yadahnā kurute puṇyaṁ prajā dharmeṇa pālayan ,
daśa varṣasahasrāṇi tasya bhuṅkte phalaṁ divi.

29. yat ahnā kurute puṇyam prajāḥ dharmeṇa pālayan
daśa varṣasahasrāṇi tasya bhuṅkte phalam divi

29. yat puṇyam rājā ahnā prajāḥ dharmeṇa pālayan kurute,
tasya phalam daśa varṣasahasrāṇi divi bhuṅkte

29. Whatever merit a king earns in a single day by protecting his subjects according to natural law (dharma), he enjoys the fruit of that (merit) in heaven for ten thousand years.

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - as a relative pronoun referring to 'puṇyam' (that, which (relative pronoun))

• अह्ना (ahnā) - by day, in a day

• कुरुते (kurute) - he does, he makes, he performs

• पुण्यम् (puṇyam) - merit, virtue, righteous act, good deed

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects, people, offspring

• धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by natural law, according to natural law, by duty

• पालयन् (pālayan) - qualifying the king's action of earning merit (protecting, guarding, governing, nourishing)

• दश (daśa) - ten

• वर्षसहस्राणि (varṣasahasrāṇi) - thousands of years

• तस्य (tasya) - of that merit (puṇyam) (of that, his, its)

• भुङ्क्ते (bhuṅkte) - enjoys the fruit/result (he enjoys, he experiences, he eats, he consumes)

• फलम् (phalam) - fruit, result, consequence, reward

• दिवि (divi) - in heaven, in the sky, in the divine realm

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - as a relative pronoun referring to 'puṇyam' (that, which (relative pronoun))

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, that, what

Note: Accusative singular, refers to 'puṇyam'.

अह्ना (ahnā) - by day, in a day

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of ahan

ahan - day, daylight

Note: Form of 'ahan' with instrumental 'ā' ending.

कुरुते (kurute) - he does, he makes, he performs

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

पुण्यम् (puṇyam) - merit, virtue, righteous act, good deed

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of puṇya

puṇya - merit, virtue, good, righteous, auspicious

Note: Object of 'kurute'.

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects, people, offspring

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - subject, people, offspring, progeny

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Object of 'pālayan' (implied verbal action).

धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by natural law, according to natural law, by duty

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom, religion

Root: dhṛ (class 3)

Note: Denotes the means or manner of protection.

पालयन् (pālayan) - qualifying the king's action of earning merit (protecting, guarding, governing, nourishing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pālayat

pālayat - protecting, guarding, governing, nourishing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root pā (to protect) + ṇic (causative) + śatṛ suffix

Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with rājā (implied subject).

दश (daśa) - ten

(numeral)

Note: Qualifies varṣasahasrāṇi.

वर्षसहस्राणि (varṣasahasrāṇi) - thousands of years

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of varṣasahasra

varṣasahasra - a thousand years

Compound type : tatpurusha (varṣa+sahasra)

• varṣa – year, rain, season
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)
• sahasra – thousand
  noun (neuter)

Note: Denotes duration.

तस्य (tasya) - of that merit (puṇyam) (of that, his, its)

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers back to 'puṇyam'.

भुङ्क्ते (bhuṅkte) - enjoys the fruit/result (he enjoys, he experiences, he eats, he consumes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of bhuj

Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Root 'bhuj' (to enjoy) is 7th class Atmanepada.

फलम् (phalam) - fruit, result, consequence, reward

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of phala

phala - fruit, result, consequence, reward, advantage

Note: Object of 'bhuṅkte'.

दिवि (divi) - in heaven, in the sky, in the divine realm

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of div

div - heaven, sky, day, divine realm