महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-72, verse-16

ऊधश्छिन्द्याद्धि यो धेन्वाः क्षीरार्थी न लभेत्पयः ।
एवं राष्ट्रमयोगेन पीडितं न विवर्धते ॥१६॥

16. ūdhaśchindyāddhi yo dhenvāḥ kṣīrārthī na labhetpayaḥ ,
evaṁ rāṣṭramayogena pīḍitaṁ na vivardhate.

16. ūdhaḥ chindyāt hi yaḥ dhenvāḥ kṣīrārthī na labhet
payaḥ evam rāṣṭram ayogena pīḍitam na vivardhate

16. hi yaḥ kṣīrārthī dhenvāḥ ūdhaḥ chindyāt saḥ na payaḥ
labhet evam ayogena pīḍitam rāṣṭram na vivardhate

16. Indeed, whoever desires milk (kṣīrārthī) but cuts off a cow's udder (ūdhaḥ) will not obtain milk. In the same way, a kingdom (rāṣṭram) oppressed by improper methods (ayoga) does not flourish.

Words meanings summery:

• ऊधः (ūdhaḥ) - The udder of a cow. (udder, breast)

• छिन्द्यात् (chindyāt) - he would cut, he should cut

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• धेन्वाः (dhenvāḥ) - of a cow

• क्षीरार्थी (kṣīrārthī) - desirous of milk, one who seeks milk

• न (na) - not, no

• लभेत् (labhet) - he would obtain, he should obtain

• पयः (payaḥ) - milk, water

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, similarly

• राष्ट्रम् (rāṣṭram) - kingdom, realm, nation

• अयोगेन (ayogena) - By improper methods of governance. (by improper means, by lack of proper application, by mismanagement)

• पीडितम् (pīḍitam) - A kingdom that is oppressed or misgoverned. (oppressed, afflicted, tormented)

• न (na) - not, no

• विवर्धते (vivardhate) - A kingdom does not grow or prosper. (it thrives, it prospers, it grows)

Words meanings and morphology

ऊधः (ūdhaḥ) - The udder of a cow. (udder, breast)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ūdhan

ūdhan - udder, breast

Note: Object of 'chindyāt'.

छिन्द्यात् (chindyāt) - he would cut, he should cut

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of chid

optative

Root verb (7th class), optative mood

Root: chid (class 7)

Note: Potential mood, 'would cut'.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Subject of 'chindyāt' and 'labhet'.

धेन्वाः (dhenvāḥ) - of a cow

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of dhenu

dhenu - cow, milch cow

Note: Possessive case for 'ūdhaḥ'.

क्षीरार्थी (kṣīrārthī) - desirous of milk, one who seeks milk

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣīrārthin

kṣīrārthin - desirous of milk, seeking milk

Compound: kṣīra (milk) + arthin (desiring, seeking)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣīra+arthin)

• kṣīra – milk
  noun (neuter)
• arthin – desirous, seeking, petitioner
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from artha (purpose, object)

Note: Agrees with 'yaḥ'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negative particle for 'labhet'.

लभेत् (labhet) - he would obtain, he should obtain

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhi liṅ) of labh

optative

Root verb (1st class), middle voice, optative mood

Root: labh (class 1)

Note: Potential mood, 'would obtain'.

पयः (payaḥ) - milk, water

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of payas

payas - milk, water, juice, vigour

Note: Object of 'labhet'.

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, similarly

(indeclinable)

राष्ट्रम् (rāṣṭram) - kingdom, realm, nation

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rāṣṭra

rāṣṭra - kingdom, realm, nation, country

Derived from rāj (to rule)

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'vivardhate'.

अयोगेन (ayogena) - By improper methods of governance. (by improper means, by lack of proper application, by mismanagement)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ayoga

ayoga - improper means, lack of proper application, non-practice, mismanagement

Compound of 'a' (not) and 'yoga' (application, union, proper means).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+yoga)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• yoga – union, application, effort, proper means, spiritual discipline
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root yuj (to unite, join, apply)
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Describes the means of affliction.

पीडितम् (pīḍitam) - A kingdom that is oppressed or misgoverned. (oppressed, afflicted, tormented)

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pīḍita

pīḍita - oppressed, afflicted, tormented, distressed

Past Passive Participle

From root pīḍ (to oppress, torment)

Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Agrees with 'rāṣṭram'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

विवर्धते (vivardhate) - A kingdom does not grow or prosper. (it thrives, it prospers, it grows)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of vivṛdh

present indicative

From prefix vi- and root vṛdh (to grow, thrive). Middle voice form.

Prefix: vi

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Refers to the kingdom.