महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-72, verse-28

यदह्ना कुरुते पापमरक्षन्भयतः प्रजाः ।
राजा वर्षसहस्रेण तस्यान्तमधिगच्छति ॥२८॥

28. yadahnā kurute pāpamarakṣanbhayataḥ prajāḥ ,
rājā varṣasahasreṇa tasyāntamadhigacchati.

28. yat ahnā kurute pāpam arakṣan bhayataḥ prajāḥ
rājā varṣasahasreṇa tasya antam adhigacchati

28. yat pāpam rājā ahnā prajāḥ bhayataḥ arakṣan kurute,
tasya antam varṣasahasreṇa adhigacchati

28. Whatever sin a king incurs in a day by failing to protect his subjects from fear, he attains the end of that (sin), meaning its full consequence, only after a thousand years.

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - as a relative pronoun referring to 'pāpam' (that, which (relative pronoun))

• अह्ना (ahnā) - by day, in a day

• कुरुते (kurute) - he does, he makes, he performs

• पापम् (pāpam) - sin, evil, wrong, misfortune

• अरक्षन् (arakṣan) - qualifying the king's action of committing sin (not protecting, failing to protect)

• भयतः (bhayataḥ) - from fear, out of fear, on account of fear

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects, people, offspring

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• वर्षसहस्रेण (varṣasahasreṇa) - by a thousand years, after a thousand years

• तस्य (tasya) - of that sin (pāpam) (of that, his, its)

• अन्तम् (antam) - end, destruction, limit

• अधिगच्छति (adhigacchati) - experiences the consequence, reaches the end of the sin (he attains, he reaches, he comprehends, he experiences)

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - as a relative pronoun referring to 'pāpam' (that, which (relative pronoun))

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, that, what

Note: Accusative singular, refers to 'pāpam'.

अह्ना (ahnā) - by day, in a day

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of ahan

ahan - day, daylight

Note: Form of 'ahan' with instrumental 'ā' ending.

कुरुते (kurute) - he does, he makes, he performs

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

पापम् (pāpam) - sin, evil, wrong, misfortune

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pāpa

pāpa - sin, evil, wrong, bad, wicked, misfortune

Note: Object of 'kurute'.

अरक्षन् (arakṣan) - qualifying the king's action of committing sin (not protecting, failing to protect)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arakṣat

arakṣat - not protecting, unprotected

Present Active Participle (negative)

Derived from a- (not) + rakṣ (to protect) + śatṛ suffix

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+rakṣat)

• a – not, un-, without
  indeclinable
• rakṣat – protecting, guarding
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  Derived from root rakṣ (to protect) + śatṛ suffix
  Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with rājā.

भयतः (bhayataḥ) - from fear, out of fear, on account of fear

(indeclinable)

Suffix -tas added to bhaya for ablative meaning.

Note: Adverbial form.

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects, people, offspring

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - subject, people, offspring, progeny

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Object of 'arakṣan' (implied verbal action).

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, prince

Note: Subject of adhigacchati.

वर्षसहस्रेण (varṣasahasreṇa) - by a thousand years, after a thousand years

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of varṣasahasra

varṣasahasra - a thousand years

Compound type : tatpurusha (varṣa+sahasra)

• varṣa – year, rain, season
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)
• sahasra – thousand
  noun (neuter)

Note: Denotes duration or means.

तस्य (tasya) - of that sin (pāpam) (of that, his, its)

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers back to 'pāpam'.

अन्तम् (antam) - end, destruction, limit

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anta

anta - end, limit, boundary, destruction, death

Note: Object of 'adhigacchati'.

अधिगच्छति (adhigacchati) - experiences the consequence, reaches the end of the sin (he attains, he reaches, he comprehends, he experiences)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of adhigam

Prefix: adhi

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: With 'anta' means 'to meet the end' or 'to suffer the consequence'.