महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-172, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
केन वृत्तेन वृत्तज्ञ वीतशोकश्चरेन्महीम् ।
किं च कुर्वन्नरो लोके प्राप्नोति परमां गतिम् ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
kena vṛttena vṛttajña vītaśokaścarenmahīm ,
kiṁ ca kurvannaro loke prāpnoti paramāṁ gatim.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca kena vṛttena vṛttajña vītaśokaḥ caret
mahīm kim ca kurvan naraḥ loke prāpnoti paramām gatim

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca vṛttajña kena vṛttena vītaśokaḥ mahīm
caret ca naraḥ loke kim kurvan paramām gatim prāpnoti

1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: O knower of conduct, by what kind of life should one live on earth, freed from sorrow? And by doing what does a person in the world attain the supreme destination?

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - The eldest of the Pāṇḍava brothers, known for his righteousness. (Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• केन (kena) - by what, by which

• वृत्तेन (vṛttena) - by conduct, by manner of life

• वृत्तज्ञ (vṛttajña) - O knower of conduct

• वीतशोकः (vītaśokaḥ) - free from sorrow, devoid of grief

• चरेत् (caret) - one should wander, one should live

• महीम् (mahīm) - the earth

• किम् (kim) - what

• च (ca) - and, also

• कुर्वन् (kurvan) - doing, performing

• नरः (naraḥ) - a man, a person

• लोके (loke) - in the world

• प्राप्नोति (prāpnoti) - obtains, attains, reaches

• परमाम् (paramām) - supreme, highest

• गतिम् (gatim) - state, destination, goal

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - The eldest of the Pāṇḍava brothers, known for his righteousness. (Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava, firm in battle)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Irregular perfect tense form

केन (kena) - by what, by which

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who (interrogative pronoun/adjective)

वृत्तेन (vṛttena) - by conduct, by manner of life

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of vṛtta

vṛtta - conduct, behavior, manner of life, occurrence, event

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

Root: vṛt (class 1)

वृत्तज्ञ (vṛttajña) - O knower of conduct

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vṛttajña

vṛttajña - knower of conduct, acquainted with actions/manners, moral expert

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vṛtta+jña)

• vṛtta – conduct, behavior, action, event
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (used as noun)
  Root: vṛt (class 1)
• jña – knowing, one who knows, expert
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/suffix
  Derived from root jñā 'to know'
  Root: jñā (class 9)

वीतशोकः (vītaśokaḥ) - free from sorrow, devoid of grief

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vītaśoka

vītaśoka - free from sorrow/grief, one whose sorrow is gone

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vīta+śoka)

• vīta – gone, departed, passed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root i- 'to go'
  Root: i (class 2)
• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)

चरेत् (caret) - one should wander, one should live

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of car

Root: car (class 1)

महीम् (mahīm) - the earth

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mahī

mahī - earth, ground, land, world

किम् (kim) - what

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who (interrogative pronoun/adjective)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

कुर्वन् (kurvan) - doing, performing

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛ

kṛ - to do, to make, to perform, to act

Present Active Participle

Root: kṛ (class 8)

नरः (naraḥ) - a man, a person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, person, human being

लोके (loke) - in the world

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, people, division of the universe

प्राप्नोति (prāpnoti) - obtains, attains, reaches

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of prāp

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

परमाम् (paramām) - supreme, highest

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of parama

parama - supreme, highest, ultimate, best, principal

गतिम् (gatim) - state, destination, goal

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gati

gati - going, movement, path, state, condition, destination, ultimate goal

Root: gam (class 1)