महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-12, verse-8

अनवेक्ष्य सुखादानं तथैवोर्ध्वं प्रतिष्ठितः ।
आत्मत्यागी महाराज स त्यागी तामसः प्रभो ॥८॥

8. anavekṣya sukhādānaṁ tathaivordhvaṁ pratiṣṭhitaḥ ,
ātmatyāgī mahārāja sa tyāgī tāmasaḥ prabho.

8. anavekṣya sukhādānam tathā eva ūrdhvam pratiṣṭhitaḥ
ātmatyāgī mahārāja saḥ tyāgī tāmasaḥ prabho

8. mahārāja prabho yaḥ tyāgī sukhādānam anavekṣya
tathā eva ūrdhvam pratiṣṭhitaḥ saḥ ātmatyāgī tāmasaḥ

8. O great king, O lord, that renunciant (tyāgī) who, disregarding the pursuit of happiness and merely established in an external, elevated status, is a self-sacrificing (ātmatyāgī) renunciant of the nature of ignorance (tamas).

Words meanings summery:

• अनवेक्ष्य (anavekṣya) - ignoring or not paying attention to (the acquisition of happiness) (without considering, disregarding, not looking to)

• सुखादानम् (sukhādānam) - the acquisition of pleasure/happiness

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, thus, so, in that manner

• एव (eva) - emphasizing 'merely' or 'just' established (indeed, only, just, certainly)

• ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) - can mean physically high, or spiritually (but here likely superficial or external due to 'tāmasa') (upwards, on high, elevated)

• प्रतिष्ठितः (pratiṣṭhitaḥ) - merely externally established, without true internal grounding (in context of tamas) (established, fixed, firm, standing)

• आत्मत्यागी (ātmatyāgī) - a renunciant who abandons the self in a deluded, ignorant, or possibly self-destructive way (associated with tamas) (self-renouncing, self-sacrificing, one who abandons his self)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• त्यागी (tyāgī) - a renunciant, one who abandons or sacrifices

• तामसः (tāmasaḥ) - describing a renunciant whose renunciation is rooted in delusion, ignorance, or inertia (of the nature of tamas (ignorance, darkness))

• प्रभो (prabho) - Vocative address, referring to a venerable person, like an interlocutor in a dialogue. (O lord, O master)

Words meanings and morphology

अनवेक्ष्य (anavekṣya) - ignoring or not paying attention to (the acquisition of happiness) (without considering, disregarding, not looking to)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root 'īkṣ' (to see, look) with upasargas 'anu' and 'ava', and the negative prefix 'an-'.

Prefixes: an+anu+ava

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

सुखादानम् (sukhādānam) - the acquisition of pleasure/happiness

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sukhādāna

sukhādāna - acquisition of pleasure, taking of happiness

Compound type : tatpurusha (sukha+ādāna)

• sukha – happiness, pleasure, ease, comfort
  noun (neuter)
• ādāna – taking, receiving, acquisition, seizure
  noun (neuter)
  Nomen actionis (verbal noun)
  From root 'dā' (to give) with upasarga 'ā' (implying 'to take towards oneself').
  Prefix: ā
  Root: dā (class 3)

तथा (tathā) - similarly, thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - emphasizing 'merely' or 'just' established (indeed, only, just, certainly)

(indeclinable)

ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) - can mean physically high, or spiritually (but here likely superficial or external due to 'tāmasa') (upwards, on high, elevated)

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as an adverb here.

प्रतिष्ठितः (pratiṣṭhitaḥ) - merely externally established, without true internal grounding (in context of tamas) (established, fixed, firm, standing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratiṣṭhita

pratiṣṭhita - established, fixed, firm, standing, consecrated

Past Passive Participle

From root 'sthā' (to stand) with upasarga 'prati'.

Prefix: prati

Root: sthā (class 1)

आत्मत्यागी (ātmatyāgī) - a renunciant who abandons the self in a deluded, ignorant, or possibly self-destructive way (associated with tamas) (self-renouncing, self-sacrificing, one who abandons his self)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātmatyāgin

ātmatyāgin - one who abandons or sacrifices the self (ātman)

Compound type : tatpurusha (ātman+tyāgin)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)
• tyāgin – renouncer, abandoner, sacrificer
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root 'tyaj' (to abandon, forsake) with suffix '-in'.
  Root: tyaj (class 1)

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

त्यागी (tyāgī) - a renunciant, one who abandons or sacrifices

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tyāgin

tyāgin - renouncer, abandoner, sacrificer, one who gives up

Agent noun

From root 'tyaj' (to abandon, forsake) with suffix '-in'.

Root: tyaj (class 1)

तामसः (tāmasaḥ) - describing a renunciant whose renunciation is rooted in delusion, ignorance, or inertia (of the nature of tamas (ignorance, darkness))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tāmasa

tāmasa - relating to tamas; dark, ignorant, deluded, dull

Derived from 'tamas' (darkness, ignorance, inertia).

प्रभो (prabho) - Vocative address, referring to a venerable person, like an interlocutor in a dialogue. (O lord, O master)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of prabhu

prabhu - lord, master, king, powerful