महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-12, verse-4

अनास्तिकानास्तिकानां प्राणदाः पितरश्च ये ।
तेऽपि कर्मैव कुर्वन्ति विधिं पश्यस्व पार्थिव ।
वेदवादापविद्धांस्तु तान्विद्धि भृशनास्तिकान् ॥४॥

4. anāstikānāstikānāṁ prāṇadāḥ pitaraśca ye ,
te'pi karmaiva kurvanti vidhiṁ paśyasva pārthiva ,
vedavādāpaviddhāṁstu tānviddhi bhṛśanāstikān.

4. anāstikānāstikānām prāṇadāḥ pitaraḥ
ca ye | te api karma eva kurvanti
vidhim paśyasva pārthiva |
vedavādāpaviddhān tu tān viddhi bhṛśanāstikān

4. pārthiva vidhim paśyasva ye
anāstikānāstikānām prāṇadāḥ pitaraḥ ca (santi)
te api karma eva kurvanti tu
vedavādāpaviddhān tān bhṛśanāstikān viddhi

4. O King (pārthiva), observe the prescribed rule (vidhi)! Even those ancestors (pitaraḥ) who are givers of life for the pious (anāstika) also perform actions (karma). However, know that those who are cast aside by the teachings of the Vedas are truly extreme atheists (nāstika).

Words meanings summery:

• अनास्तिकानास्तिकानाम् (anāstikānāstikānām) - of those who adhere to Vedic beliefs and the concept of an afterlife (used emphatically or to denote various categories of pious individuals) (of the pious and orthodox, of the firm believers)

• प्राणदाः (prāṇadāḥ) - those who grant life or vitality (referring to ancestors) (givers of life, bestowers of vital breath)

• पितरः (pitaraḥ) - the ancestral spirits, especially those invoked in śrāddha rituals (fathers, ancestors)

• च (ca) - connecting the phrase about ancestors (and, also)

• ये (ye) - referring back to pitaraḥ (who, which (masculine plural))

• ते (te) - referring to the ancestors (pitaraḥ) (they, those)

• अपि (api) - emphasizing that even the ancestors perform action (also, even, too)

• कर्म (karma) - ritual action, prescribed duties (action, deed, ritual, work (karma))

• एव (eva) - emphasizing that ancestors perform *only* actions (only, just, indeed, verily)

• कुर्वन्ति (kurvanti) - they perform ritual actions (they do, they perform, they make)

• विधिम् (vidhim) - the specific prescribed ritualistic rule or injunction (rule, ordinance, prescribed ritual, injunction)

• पश्यस्व (paśyasva) - observe or understand this rule/injunction (see, observe, behold)

• पार्थिव (pārthiva) - addressing the listener, a king. (O king, O earthly ruler, O son of Earth)

• वेदवादापविद्धान् (vedavādāpaviddhān) - those who disregard or are condemned by the teachings of the Vedas (those who are rejected/cast off by Vedic doctrines)

• तु (tu) - introducing a contrast or a new point (but, indeed, however)

• तान् (tān) - referring to those who are rejected by Vedic doctrines (those (masculine plural))

• विद्धि (viddhi) - know this truth, realize this fact (know, understand, realize)

• भृशनास्तिकान् (bhṛśanāstikān) - referring to those who are completely rejecters of Vedic authority (extremely atheistic, intensely unorthodox)

Words meanings and morphology

अनास्तिकानास्तिकानाम् (anāstikānāstikānām) - of those who adhere to Vedic beliefs and the concept of an afterlife (used emphatically or to denote various categories of pious individuals) (of the pious and orthodox, of the firm believers)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of anāstikānāstika

anāstikānāstika - pious and orthodox, one who is not an atheist, a firm believer

Compound formed from anāstika repeated, possibly indicating intensity or a specific class of pious people. anāstika means one who believes in a future world or God, not an atheist.

Compound type : dvandva (anāstika+anāstika)

• anāstika – not an atheist, believer (in a future world or in God), pious
  adjective (masculine)
  na + āstika. āstika derived from asti (is) + ṭhak suffix. One who says "asti" (it exists, referring to the afterlife/Vedas).
  Prefix: a
  Root: as (class 2)
• anāstika – not an atheist, believer (in a future world or in God), pious
  adjective (masculine)
  na + āstika. āstika derived from asti (is) + ṭhak suffix. One who says "asti" (it exists, referring to the afterlife/Vedas).
  Prefix: a
  Root: as (class 2)

Note: Modifies an implied noun, likely "people" or "followers", or refers to pitaraḥ as being "of the pious".

प्राणदाः (prāṇadāḥ) - those who grant life or vitality (referring to ancestors) (givers of life, bestowers of vital breath)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prāṇada

prāṇada - giver of life, bestowing vital breath

From prāṇa (life breath) + da (giver, from √dā to give).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prāṇa+da)

• prāṇa – breath, vital air, life, spirit
  noun (masculine)
  pra + √an (to breathe).
  Prefix: pra
  Root: an (class 2)
• da – giving, giver
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from √dā (to give).
  Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with pitaraḥ.

पितरः (pitaraḥ) - the ancestral spirits, especially those invoked in śrāddha rituals (fathers, ancestors)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

Note: Subject of the first clause.

च (ca) - connecting the phrase about ancestors (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

ये (ye) - referring back to pitaraḥ (who, which (masculine plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun.

Note: Functions as the subject of the relative clause.

ते (te) - referring to the ancestors (pitaraḥ) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun, also functions as an anaphoric pronoun.

Note: Subject of the main clause.

अपि (api) - emphasizing that even the ancestors perform action (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

कर्म (karma) - ritual action, prescribed duties (action, deed, ritual, work (karma))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work, ritual action, fate (karma)

From √kṛ (to do, make).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

एव (eva) - emphasizing that ancestors perform *only* actions (only, just, indeed, verily)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

कुर्वन्ति (kurvanti) - they perform ritual actions (they do, they perform, they make)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of √kṛ

Present, 3rd person plural, Paras.

Root √kṛ, class 8.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

विधिम् (vidhim) - the specific prescribed ritualistic rule or injunction (rule, ordinance, prescribed ritual, injunction)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vidhi

vidhi - rule, ordinance, method, prescribed act, injunction

From vi + √dhā (to place, arrange, ordain).

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Object of paśyasva.

पश्यस्व (paśyasva) - observe or understand this rule/injunction (see, observe, behold)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of √dṛś

Imperative, 2nd person singular, Ātmanepada.

Root √dṛś, class 1, changes to paśya in present tense.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Addressing the king.

पार्थिव (pārthiva) - addressing the listener, a king. (O king, O earthly ruler, O son of Earth)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - earthly, royal, king, prince, son of Earth (Pṛthā/Kuntī)

Derived from pṛthivī (earth).

वेदवादापविद्धान् (vedavādāpaviddhān) - those who disregard or are condemned by the teachings of the Vedas (those who are rejected/cast off by Vedic doctrines)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vedavādāpaviddha

vedavādāpaviddha - rejected by Vedic doctrines, cast off by Vedic teachings

Compound: veda-vāda (Vedic teachings) + apaviddha (cast off).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (veda+vāda+apaviddha)

• veda – sacred knowledge, Veda
  noun (masculine)
  From √vid (to know).
  Root: vid (class 2)
• vāda – speech, discourse, doctrine, argument
  noun (masculine)
  From √vad (to speak).
  Root: vad (class 1)
• apaviddha – cast off, rejected, abandoned
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From apa + √vyadh (to pierce, throw) + kta suffix.
  Prefix: apa
  Root: vyadh (class 4)

तु (tu) - introducing a contrast or a new point (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

तान् (tān) - referring to those who are rejected by Vedic doctrines (those (masculine plural))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Object of viddhi.

विद्धि (viddhi) - know this truth, realize this fact (know, understand, realize)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of √vid

Imperative, 2nd person singular, Paras.

Root √vid, class 2.

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Direct command.

भृशनास्तिकान् (bhṛśanāstikān) - referring to those who are completely rejecters of Vedic authority (extremely atheistic, intensely unorthodox)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bhṛśanāstika

bhṛśanāstika - extremely atheistic, intensely unorthodox

Compound bhṛśa (extremely) + nāstika (atheist).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (bhṛśa+nāstika)

• bhṛśa – much, very, excessively, intensely
  indeclinable (neuter)
  Adverbial usage or adjective.
• nāstika – atheist, unbeliever (in a future world, in Vedas)
  adjective (masculine)
  na + asti + ṭhak. One who says "na asti" (it does not exist, referring to afterlife/Vedas).
  Prefix: na
  Root: as (class 2)