महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-12, verse-10

क्रोधहर्षावनादृत्य पैशुन्यं च विशां पते ।
विप्रो वेदानधीते यः स त्यागी गुरुपूजकः ॥१०॥

10. krodhaharṣāvanādṛtya paiśunyaṁ ca viśāṁ pate ,
vipro vedānadhīte yaḥ sa tyāgī gurupūjakaḥ.

10. krodhaharṣau anādṛtya paiśunyam ca viśām pate
vipraḥ vedān adhīte yaḥ saḥ tyāgī gurupūjakaḥ

10. viśām pate yaḥ vipraḥ krodhaharṣau paiśunyam
ca anādṛtya vedān adhīte saḥ tyāgī gurupūjakaḥ

10. O lord of men, that Brahmin (vipra) who studies the Vedas, disregarding both anger and joy, as well as malice, and who honors his teacher (guru) — he is considered a renunciant (tyāgī).

Words meanings summery:

• क्रोधहर्षौ (krodhaharṣau) - the pairs of opposites, especially emotional extremes, that an ascetic seeks to transcend (anger and joy)

• अनादृत्य (anādṛtya) - treating with indifference, not being affected by (disregarding, without respecting, ignoring)

• पैशुन्यम् (paiśunyam) - malevolent speech or intention (backbiting, malice, mischief, treachery)

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of men, of subjects

• पते (pate) - Vocative address for a ruler or leader, like a king. (O lord, O master)

• विप्रः (vipraḥ) - a member of the priestly class, here specifically one who studies sacred texts (a Brahmin, a learned man, an inspired poet)

• वेदान् (vedān) - referring to the sacred texts of Hinduism (the Vedas (sacred knowledge))

• अधीते (adhīte) - engages in the study of the Vedas (studies, learns, reads, recites)

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• त्यागी (tyāgī) - a renunciant, one who abandons or sacrifices

• गुरुपूजकः (gurupūjakaḥ) - one who pays respect and devotion to their spiritual teacher (one who honors his teacher (guru))

Words meanings and morphology

क्रोधहर्षौ (krodhaharṣau) - the pairs of opposites, especially emotional extremes, that an ascetic seeks to transcend (anger and joy)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of krodhaharṣa

krodhaharṣa - anger and joy

Compound type : dvandva (krodha+harṣa)

• krodha – anger, wrath
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'krudh' (to be angry).
  Root: krudh (class 4)
• harṣa – joy, delight, happiness, exhilaration
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'hṛṣ' (to be excited, rejoice).
  Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

अनादृत्य (anādṛtya) - treating with indifference, not being affected by (disregarding, without respecting, ignoring)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root 'dṛ' (to respect) with upasarga 'ā' and the negative prefix 'an-'.

Prefixes: an+ā

Root: dṛ (class 6)

पैशुन्यम् (paiśunyam) - malevolent speech or intention (backbiting, malice, mischief, treachery)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of paiśunya

paiśunya - backbiting, malice, perfidy, mischief, treachery

Derived from 'piśuna' (malignant, cruel).

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of men, of subjects

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, community, subjects, settlement, house

पते (pate) - Vocative address for a ruler or leader, like a king. (O lord, O master)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - master, lord, husband, owner

विप्रः (vipraḥ) - a member of the priestly class, here specifically one who studies sacred texts (a Brahmin, a learned man, an inspired poet)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vipra

vipra - Brahmin, priest, inspired, wise, intelligent

From root 'vip' (to tremble, inspire) or 'vi' (to go, move).

वेदान् (vedān) - referring to the sacred texts of Hinduism (the Vedas (sacred knowledge))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of veda

veda - sacred knowledge, Veda (Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda, Atharvaveda)

From root 'vid' (to know, perceive).

Root: vid (class 6)

अधीते (adhīte) - engages in the study of the Vedas (studies, learns, reads, recites)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of adhī

Root 'i' (to go) with upasarga 'adhi'.

Prefix: adhi

Root: i (class 2)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

त्यागी (tyāgī) - a renunciant, one who abandons or sacrifices

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tyāgin

tyāgin - renouncer, abandoner, sacrificer, one who gives up

Agent noun

From root 'tyaj' (to abandon, forsake) with suffix '-in'.

Root: tyaj (class 1)

गुरुपूजकः (gurupūjakaḥ) - one who pays respect and devotion to their spiritual teacher (one who honors his teacher (guru))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gurupūjaka

gurupūjaka - one who worships/honors a guru/teacher

Compound type : tatpurusha (guru+pūjaka)

• guru – teacher, spiritual preceptor, heavy, venerable
  noun (masculine)
• pūjaka – worshipper, adorer, reverer, one who honors
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root 'pūj' (to worship, honor).
  Root: pūj (class 10)