महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-12, verse-14

यदा कामान्समीक्षेत धर्मवैतंसिकोऽनृजुः ।
अथैनं मृत्युपाशेन कण्ठे बध्नाति मृत्युराट् ॥१४॥

14. yadā kāmānsamīkṣeta dharmavaitaṁsiko'nṛjuḥ ,
athainaṁ mṛtyupāśena kaṇṭhe badhnāti mṛtyurāṭ.

14. yadā kāmān samīkṣeta dharmavaitaṃsikaḥ anṛjuḥ
atha enam mṛtyupāśena kaṇṭhe badhnāti mṛtyurāṭ

14. yadā dharmavaitaṃsikaḥ anṛjuḥ kāmān samīkṣeta
atha mṛtyurāṭ enam mṛtyupāśena kaṇṭhe badhnāti

14. When a crooked person (anṛju), who betrays his intrinsic nature (dharma), focuses solely on worldly desires (kāma), then the King of Death (Mṛtyurāṭ) binds him by the neck with the noose of death.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when, at what time

• कामान् (kāmān) - worldly desires (desires, pleasures)

• समीक्षेत (samīkṣeta) - he focuses solely on (he should consider, he might perceive, he might observe)

• धर्मवैतंसिकः (dharmavaitaṁsikaḥ) - one who violates or betrays natural law (dharma)

• अनृजुः (anṛjuḥ) - crooked, dishonest, not straight, deceitful

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

• एनम् (enam) - refers to the 'dharmavaitaṃsikaḥ anṛjuḥ' person (him)

• मृत्युपाशेन (mṛtyupāśena) - with the noose of death

• कण्ठे (kaṇṭhe) - on the neck, by the throat

• बध्नाति (badhnāti) - he binds, he ties

• मृत्युराट् (mṛtyurāṭ) - Yama, the deity presiding over death (King of Death, Yama)

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when, at what time

(indeclinable)

From 'yad' + 'dā' suffix

कामान् (kāmān) - worldly desires (desires, pleasures)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kāma

kāma - desire, wish, love, sensual pleasure

समीक्षेत (samīkṣeta) - he focuses solely on (he should consider, he might perceive, he might observe)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhiliṅ) of īkṣ

Prefix: sam

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Used here in a conditional sense (when one *should* or *might* consider).

धर्मवैतंसिकः (dharmavaitaṁsikaḥ) - one who violates or betrays natural law (dharma)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmavaitaṃsika

dharmavaitaṁsika - one who traps/betrays (vaitaṃsika) natural law (dharma), a cheat in dharma

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (dharma+vaitaṃsika)

• dharma – natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• vaitaṃsika – snare, trap, (one who uses a) trap, a fowler, deceiver
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to a person who acts against the principles of dharma.

अनृजुः (anṛjuḥ) - crooked, dishonest, not straight, deceitful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anṛju

anṛju - not straight, crooked, dishonest, deceitful

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+ṛju)

• a – not, non-
  prefix
• ṛju – straight, honest, upright
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Acts as an adjective qualifying an implied "person."

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

(indeclinable)

एनम् (enam) - refers to the 'dharmavaitaṃsikaḥ anṛjuḥ' person (him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, that (a demonstrative pronoun, often used anaphorically)

Note: Masculine accusative singular.

मृत्युपाशेन (mṛtyupāśena) - with the noose of death

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mṛtyupāśa

mṛtyupāśa - noose of death

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (mṛtyu+pāśa)

• mṛtyu – death
  noun (masculine)
  Root: mṛ (class 6)
• pāśa – noose, cord, chain
  noun (masculine)

Note: Denotes the means by which the binding occurs.

कण्ठे (kaṇṭhe) - on the neck, by the throat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kaṇṭha

kaṇṭha - neck, throat

Note: Locative case indicates location.

बध्नाति (badhnāti) - he binds, he ties

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bandh

Root: bandh (class 9)

Note: Parasmaipada form.

मृत्युराट् (mṛtyurāṭ) - Yama, the deity presiding over death (King of Death, Yama)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛtyurāj

mṛtyurāj - King of Death, Yama

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (mṛtyu+rājan)

• mṛtyu – death
  noun (masculine)
  Root: mṛ (class 6)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Nominative singular form, with final 'j' of rāj becoming 'ṭ' due to external sandhi.