महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-220, verse-8

स लोकानफलान्दृष्ट्वा तपसा निर्जितानपि ।
पप्रच्छ धर्मराजस्य समीपस्थान्दिवौकसः ॥८॥

8. sa lokānaphalāndṛṣṭvā tapasā nirjitānapi ,
papraccha dharmarājasya samīpasthāndivaukasaḥ.

8. saḥ lokān aphalān dṛṣṭvā tapasā nirjitān api
papraccha dharmarājasya samīpasthān divaukasaḥ

8. He, having seen those worlds, which he had indeed attained through his austerity (tapas) yet found to be without reward, questioned the celestials (divaukasaḥ) who were near Yama, the King of Dharma (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - He, that

• लोकान् (lokān) - worlds, realms

• अफलान् (aphalān) - fruitless, without reward, ineffective

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity (tapas), through penance

• निर्जितान् (nirjitān) - conquered, overcome, attained

• अपि (api) - even, also, too, although

• पप्रच्छ (papraccha) - he asked, he inquired

• धर्मराजस्य (dharmarājasya) - of the King of Dharma (dharma), of Yama

• समीपस्थान् (samīpasthān) - standing near Dharmarāja (standing near, nearby)

• दिवौकसः (divaukasaḥ) - the celestials, gods

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - He, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

लोकान् (lokān) - worlds, realms

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, realm, people

अफलान् (aphalān) - fruitless, without reward, ineffective

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of aphala

aphala - fruitless, without result

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+phala)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• phala – fruit, result, reward
  noun (neuter)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from the root √dṛś (to see) with the suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity (tapas), through penance

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, heat

निर्जितान् (nirjitān) - conquered, overcome, attained

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nirjita

nirjita - conquered, subdued, won

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √ji (to conquer) with the prefix nir-.

Prefix: nir

Root: ji (class 1)

अपि (api) - even, also, too, although

(indeclinable)

पप्रच्छ (papraccha) - he asked, he inquired

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Perfect (Lit) of prach

Root: prach (class 6)

धर्मराजस्य (dharmarājasya) - of the King of Dharma (dharma), of Yama

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - King of Dharma, Yama (the god of death and justice)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+rājan)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, natural law, constitution
  noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

समीपस्थान् (samīpasthān) - standing near Dharmarāja (standing near, nearby)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of samīpastha

samīpastha - standing near, present

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (samīpa+stha)

• samīpa – near, proximity
  indeclinable
• stha – standing, existing
  adjective
  Derived from the root √sthā (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

दिवौकसः (divaukasaḥ) - the celestials, gods

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of divaukas

divaukas - dwelling in heaven, god, celestial

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (div+okas)

• div – sky, heaven
  noun (feminine)
• okas – dwelling, abode
  noun (neuter)