महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-220, verse-1

जनमेजय उवाच ।
किमर्थं शार्ङ्गकानग्निर्न ददाह तथागते ।
तस्मिन्वने दह्यमाने ब्रह्मन्नेतद्वदाशु मे ॥१॥

1. janamejaya uvāca ,
kimarthaṁ śārṅgakānagnirna dadāha tathāgate ,
tasminvane dahyamāne brahmannetadvadāśu me.

1. janamejayaḥ uvāca kimartham śārṅgakān agniḥ na dadāha
tathāgate tasmin vane dahyamāne brahman etat vada āśu me

1. Janamejaya said: 'O Brahmin, why did the Fire god (Agni) not burn the Śārṅgaka serpents, when that forest was being consumed by fire in such a manner? Please tell me this quickly.'

Words meanings summery:

• जनमेजयः (janamejayaḥ) - Janamejaya (name of a king)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke, he said

• किमर्थम् (kimartham) - why, for what purpose

• शार्ङ्गकान् (śārṅgakān) - the Śārṅgaka serpents

• अग्निः (agniḥ) - the Fire god (Agni) (fire, Fire god (Agni))

• न (na) - not

• ददाह (dadāha) - he burned

• तथागते (tathāgate) - when the forest was in such a state (being burned) (when such a state was reached, when it happened thus)

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that

• वने (vane) - in the forest

• दह्यमाने (dahyamāne) - while being burned, being consumed by fire

• ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - addressing the sage Vaiśampāyana (O Brahmin)

• एतत् (etat) - this

• वद (vada) - tell, say

• आशु (āśu) - quickly

• मे (me) - to me, for me

Words meanings and morphology

जनमेजयः (janamejayaḥ) - Janamejaya (name of a king)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janamejaya

janamejaya - Janamejaya (name of a king, descendant of the Pāṇḍavas)

उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

किमर्थम् (kimartham) - why, for what purpose

(indeclinable)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (kim+artha)

• kim – what, which
  pronoun
• artha – purpose, meaning, object
  noun (masculine)

शार्ङ्गकान् (śārṅgakān) - the Śārṅgaka serpents

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śārṅgaka

śārṅgaka - Śārṅgaka (name of a class of serpents, or a particular serpent)

अग्निः (agniḥ) - the Fire god (Agni) (fire, Fire god (Agni))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of agni

agni - fire; the Fire god (Agni)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

ददाह (dadāha) - he burned

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of dah

Root: dah (class 1)

तथागते (tathāgate) - when the forest was in such a state (being burned) (when such a state was reached, when it happened thus)

(participle)

Locative, neuter, singular of tathāgata

tathāgata - having gone thus, having come thus, attained such a state

Past Passive Participle

Compound of 'tathā' (thus) and 'gata' (gone/become).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (tathā+gata)

• tathā – thus, in that manner
  indeclinable
• gata – gone, arrived, obtained, become
  participle
  Past Passive Participle
  Root: gam (class 1)

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

वने (vane) - in the forest

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

दह्यमाने (dahyamāne) - while being burned, being consumed by fire

(participle)

Locative, neuter, singular of dahyamāna

dahyamāna - being burned, being consumed by fire

Present Passive Participle

Formed from the root √dah (to burn) with the passive marker -ya and the present participle suffix -māna.

Root: dah (class 1)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction with 'vane'

ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - addressing the sage Vaiśampāyana (O Brahmin)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - Brahmin, a person belonging to the priestly class, a Vedic scholar

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this

वद (vada) - tell, say

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vad

Root: vad (class 1)

आशु (āśu) - quickly

(indeclinable)

मे (me) - to me, for me

(pronoun)

singular of mad

mad - I, me