महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-220, verse-4

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
यदर्थं शार्ङ्गकानग्निर्न ददाह तथागते ।
तत्ते सर्वं यथावृत्तं कथयिष्यामि भारत ॥४॥

4. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
yadarthaṁ śārṅgakānagnirna dadāha tathāgate ,
tatte sarvaṁ yathāvṛttaṁ kathayiṣyāmi bhārata.

4. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca yadartham śārṅgakān agniḥ na dadāha
tathāgate tat te sarvam yathāvṛttam kathayiṣyāmi bhārata

4. Vaiśampāyana said: "O Bhārata, I will explain to you in its entirety, exactly as it happened, the reason why the fire did not consume the Śārṅgakas (birds) during that conflagration."

4. וַישַׁמְפָּאיַנַה אמר, הו בְּהָארַטַה, אספר לך הכול כפי שהיה, מדוע לא שרפה האש את השָׁארְנְגַקַה כשהגיעה.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• यदर्थम् (yadartham) - the reason why (for which reason, why, in order that)

• शार्ङ्गकान् (śārṅgakān) - the Śārṅgaka birds (the Śārṅgakas, the birds called Śārṅgakas)

• अग्निः (agniḥ) - the fire (fire, the god of fire)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• ददाह (dadāha) - consumed (burnt, consumed, tormented)

• तथागते (tathāgate) - during that conflagration (when it had thus occurred) (having gone thus, in that condition, in that situation)

• तत् (tat) - that (story, reason) (that)

• ते (te) - to you (Janamejaya) (to you, for you)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - the entire (story/reason) (all, entire, whole)

• यथावृत्तम् (yathāvṛttam) - exactly as it happened (as it happened, exactly as it occurred)

• कथयिष्यामि (kathayiṣyāmi) - I will explain (I will tell, I will narrate)

• भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (Janamejaya) (O descendant of Bharata! O Bhārata!)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - name of a celebrated sage, disciple of Vyasa

patronymic from Viśampāyana

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense

Perfect (liṭ) form from root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

यदर्थम् (yadartham) - the reason why (for which reason, why, in order that)

(indeclinable)

compound of yad (which) and artha (purpose)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yat+artha)

• yat – which, what
  pronoun
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

शार्ङ्गकान् (śārṅgakān) - the Śārṅgaka birds (the Śārṅgakas, the birds called Śārṅgakas)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śārṅgaka

śārṅgaka - a kind of bird

अग्निः (agniḥ) - the fire (fire, the god of fire)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of agni

agni - fire, the god Agni

Root: ag (class 1)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

ददाह (dadāha) - consumed (burnt, consumed, tormented)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of dah

Perfect tense

Perfect (liṭ) form from root dah

Root: dah (class 1)

तथागते (tathāgate) - during that conflagration (when it had thus occurred) (having gone thus, in that condition, in that situation)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of tathāgata

tathāgata - thus gone, thus come, proper state

Past Passive Participle

from tathā (thus) + gata (gone)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (tathā+gata)

• tathā – thus, so, in that manner
  indeclinable
• gata – gone, arrived, obtained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root gam + kta suffix
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction.

तत् (tat) - that (story, reason) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

ते (te) - to you (Janamejaya) (to you, for you)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of tvad

tvad - you, your

Note: Dative (or genitive) singular enclitic pronoun.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - the entire (story/reason) (all, entire, whole)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

यथावृत्तम् (yathāvṛttam) - exactly as it happened (as it happened, exactly as it occurred)

(indeclinable)

compound of yathā (as) + vṛtta (occurred)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+vṛtta)

• yathā – as, like, in which manner
  indeclinable
• vṛtta – happened, occurred, existed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root vṛt + kta suffix
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

कथयिष्यामि (kathayiṣyāmi) - I will explain (I will tell, I will narrate)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of kathay

Future tense

Future (lṛṭ) form from denominative verb kathay (from kathā)

Root: kath (class 10)

भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (Janamejaya) (O descendant of Bharata! O Bhārata!)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - a descendant of Bharata, a king of the Bhārata lineage, an Indian

patronymic from Bharata

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

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