महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-220, verse-4

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
यदर्थं शार्ङ्गकानग्निर्न ददाह तथागते ।
तत्ते सर्वं यथावृत्तं कथयिष्यामि भारत ॥४॥

4. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
yadarthaṁ śārṅgakānagnirna dadāha tathāgate ,
tatte sarvaṁ yathāvṛttaṁ kathayiṣyāmi bhārata.

4. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca yadartham śārṅgakān agniḥ na dadāha
tathāgate tat te sarvam yathāvṛttam kathayiṣyāmi bhārata

4. Vaiśampāyana said: "O Bhārata, I will explain to you in its entirety, exactly as it happened, the reason why the fire did not consume the Śārṅgakas (birds) during that conflagration."

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• यदर्थम् (yadartham) - the reason why (for which reason, why, in order that)

• शार्ङ्गकान् (śārṅgakān) - the Śārṅgaka birds (the Śārṅgakas, the birds called Śārṅgakas)

• अग्निः (agniḥ) - the fire (fire, the god of fire)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• ददाह (dadāha) - consumed (burnt, consumed, tormented)

• तथागते (tathāgate) - during that conflagration (when it had thus occurred) (having gone thus, in that condition, in that situation)

• तत् (tat) - that (story, reason) (that)

• ते (te) - to you (Janamejaya) (to you, for you)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - the entire (story/reason) (all, entire, whole)

• यथावृत्तम् (yathāvṛttam) - exactly as it happened (as it happened, exactly as it occurred)

• कथयिष्यामि (kathayiṣyāmi) - I will explain (I will tell, I will narrate)

• भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (Janamejaya) (O descendant of Bharata! O Bhārata!)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - name of a celebrated sage, disciple of Vyasa

patronymic from Viśampāyana

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense

Perfect (liṭ) form from root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

यदर्थम् (yadartham) - the reason why (for which reason, why, in order that)

(indeclinable)

compound of yad (which) and artha (purpose)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yat+artha)

• yat – which, what
  pronoun
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

शार्ङ्गकान् (śārṅgakān) - the Śārṅgaka birds (the Śārṅgakas, the birds called Śārṅgakas)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śārṅgaka

śārṅgaka - a kind of bird

अग्निः (agniḥ) - the fire (fire, the god of fire)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of agni

agni - fire, the god Agni

Root: ag (class 1)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

ददाह (dadāha) - consumed (burnt, consumed, tormented)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of dah

Perfect tense

Perfect (liṭ) form from root dah

Root: dah (class 1)

तथागते (tathāgate) - during that conflagration (when it had thus occurred) (having gone thus, in that condition, in that situation)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of tathāgata

tathāgata - thus gone, thus come, proper state

Past Passive Participle

from tathā (thus) + gata (gone)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (tathā+gata)

• tathā – thus, so, in that manner
  indeclinable
• gata – gone, arrived, obtained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root gam + kta suffix
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction.

तत् (tat) - that (story, reason) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

ते (te) - to you (Janamejaya) (to you, for you)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of tvad

tvad - you, your

Note: Dative (or genitive) singular enclitic pronoun.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - the entire (story/reason) (all, entire, whole)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

यथावृत्तम् (yathāvṛttam) - exactly as it happened (as it happened, exactly as it occurred)

(indeclinable)

compound of yathā (as) + vṛtta (occurred)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+vṛtta)

• yathā – as, like, in which manner
  indeclinable
• vṛtta – happened, occurred, existed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root vṛt + kta suffix
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

कथयिष्यामि (kathayiṣyāmi) - I will explain (I will tell, I will narrate)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of kathay

Future tense

Future (lṛṭ) form from denominative verb kathay (from kathā)

Root: kath (class 10)

भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (Janamejaya) (O descendant of Bharata! O Bhārata!)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - a descendant of Bharata, a king of the Bhārata lineage, an Indian

patronymic from Bharata

Root: bhṛ (class 1)