महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-220, verse-5

धर्मज्ञानां मुख्यतमस्तपस्वी संशितव्रतः ।
आसीन्महर्षिः श्रुतवान्मन्दपाल इति श्रुतः ॥५॥

5. dharmajñānāṁ mukhyatamastapasvī saṁśitavrataḥ ,
āsīnmaharṣiḥ śrutavānmandapāla iti śrutaḥ.

5. dharmajñānām mukhyatamaḥ tapasvī saṃśitavrataḥ
āsīt maharṣiḥ śrutavān mandapāla iti śrutaḥ

5. There was a great sage named Mandapāla, who was renowned for his knowledge. He was foremost among those who understood natural law (dharma), an ascetic (tapasvī) whose vows were unwavering.

5. היה חוזה גדול, בעל תרגול עוצמה רוחנית ונדרים נחושים, הראשון בין יודעי חוק החיים, בעל לימוד רב, ששמו הוא מַנְדַפָּאלַה.

Words meanings summery:

• धर्मज्ञानाम् (dharmajñānām) - among those who understood natural law (dharma) (of those who know dharma (natural law/constitution/intrinsic nature))

• मुख्यतमः (mukhyatamaḥ) - foremost (foremost, chiefest, most important)

• तपस्वी (tapasvī) - an ascetic (tapasvī) (ascetic, one who performs austerities (tapas))

• संशितव्रतः (saṁśitavrataḥ) - whose vows were unwavering (one whose vows are firm, of firm resolve)

• आसीत् (āsīt) - there was (was, existed)

• महर्षिः (maharṣiḥ) - a great sage (great sage)

• श्रुतवान् (śrutavān) - renowned for his knowledge (learned, famous, possessing knowledge)

• मन्दपाल (mandapāla) - Mandapāla (proper name)

• इति (iti) - by the name of (thus, so, by name)

• श्रुतः (śrutaḥ) - known, renowned (heard, known, famous, renowned)

Words meanings and morphology

धर्मज्ञानाम् (dharmajñānām) - among those who understood natural law (dharma) (of those who know dharma (natural law/constitution/intrinsic nature))

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dharmajña

dharmajña - one who knows dharma, righteous

compound of dharma (natural law) and jña (knower)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+jña)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  from root dhṛ
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• jña – knowing, one who knows
  adjective (masculine)
  from root jñā + ḍa suffix
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Used as a substantive, "of the knowers of dharma".

मुख्यतमः (mukhyatamaḥ) - foremost (foremost, chiefest, most important)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mukhyatama

mukhyatama - foremost, chief, principal

Superlative degree

superlative suffix -tama added to mukhya (chief)

तपस्वी (tapasvī) - an ascetic (tapasvī) (ascetic, one who performs austerities (tapas))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tapasvin

tapasvin - ascetic, devotee

possesses tapas; from tapas (austerity) + -vin suffix

Root: tap (class 1)

संशितव्रतः (saṁśitavrataḥ) - whose vows were unwavering (one whose vows are firm, of firm resolve)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃśitavrata

saṁśitavrata - one whose vows are firmly fixed, steadfast in vows

Bahuvrihi compound

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saṃśita+vrata)

• saṃśita – sharpened, firm, resolved
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from saṃ-śo + kta suffix
  Prefix: sam
  Root: śo (class 4)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious practice
  noun (neuter)
  from root vṛ
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

आसीत् (āsīt) - there was (was, existed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect tense

Imperfect (laṅ) form from root as

Root: as (class 2)

महर्षिः (maharṣiḥ) - a great sage (great sage)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of maharṣi

maharṣi - a great sage, a powerful seer

Karmadhāraya compound of mahā (great) and ṛṣi (sage)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ṛṣi)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)
  from root ṛṣ
  Root: ṛṣ

श्रुतवान् (śrutavān) - renowned for his knowledge (learned, famous, possessing knowledge)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrutavat

śrutavat - learned, wise, famous

Possessive suffix (matup/vatup)

from śruta (heard/known) + matup suffix

Root: śru (class 5)

मन्दपाल (mandapāla) - Mandapāla (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mandapāla

mandapāla - name of a sage

इति (iti) - by the name of (thus, so, by name)

(indeclinable)

used to introduce a quote or mark a name

श्रुतः (śrutaḥ) - known, renowned (heard, known, famous, renowned)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, listened, known

Past Passive Participle

from root śru + kta suffix

Root: śru (class 5)

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