महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-220, verse-5

धर्मज्ञानां मुख्यतमस्तपस्वी संशितव्रतः ।
आसीन्महर्षिः श्रुतवान्मन्दपाल इति श्रुतः ॥५॥

5. dharmajñānāṁ mukhyatamastapasvī saṁśitavrataḥ ,
āsīnmaharṣiḥ śrutavānmandapāla iti śrutaḥ.

5. dharmajñānām mukhyatamaḥ tapasvī saṃśitavrataḥ
āsīt maharṣiḥ śrutavān mandapāla iti śrutaḥ

5. There was a great sage named Mandapāla, who was renowned for his knowledge. He was foremost among those who understood natural law (dharma), an ascetic (tapasvī) whose vows were unwavering.

Words meanings summery:

• धर्मज्ञानाम् (dharmajñānām) - among those who understood natural law (dharma) (of those who know dharma (natural law/constitution/intrinsic nature))

• मुख्यतमः (mukhyatamaḥ) - foremost (foremost, chiefest, most important)

• तपस्वी (tapasvī) - an ascetic (tapasvī) (ascetic, one who performs austerities (tapas))

• संशितव्रतः (saṁśitavrataḥ) - whose vows were unwavering (one whose vows are firm, of firm resolve)

• आसीत् (āsīt) - there was (was, existed)

• महर्षिः (maharṣiḥ) - a great sage (great sage)

• श्रुतवान् (śrutavān) - renowned for his knowledge (learned, famous, possessing knowledge)

• मन्दपाल (mandapāla) - Mandapāla (proper name)

• इति (iti) - by the name of (thus, so, by name)

• श्रुतः (śrutaḥ) - known, renowned (heard, known, famous, renowned)

Words meanings and morphology

धर्मज्ञानाम् (dharmajñānām) - among those who understood natural law (dharma) (of those who know dharma (natural law/constitution/intrinsic nature))

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dharmajña

dharmajña - one who knows dharma, righteous

compound of dharma (natural law) and jña (knower)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+jña)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  from root dhṛ
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• jña – knowing, one who knows
  adjective (masculine)
  from root jñā + ḍa suffix
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Used as a substantive, "of the knowers of dharma".

मुख्यतमः (mukhyatamaḥ) - foremost (foremost, chiefest, most important)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mukhyatama

mukhyatama - foremost, chief, principal

Superlative degree

superlative suffix -tama added to mukhya (chief)

तपस्वी (tapasvī) - an ascetic (tapasvī) (ascetic, one who performs austerities (tapas))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tapasvin

tapasvin - ascetic, devotee

possesses tapas; from tapas (austerity) + -vin suffix

Root: tap (class 1)

संशितव्रतः (saṁśitavrataḥ) - whose vows were unwavering (one whose vows are firm, of firm resolve)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃśitavrata

saṁśitavrata - one whose vows are firmly fixed, steadfast in vows

Bahuvrihi compound

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saṃśita+vrata)

• saṃśita – sharpened, firm, resolved
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from saṃ-śo + kta suffix
  Prefix: sam
  Root: śo (class 4)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious practice
  noun (neuter)
  from root vṛ
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

आसीत् (āsīt) - there was (was, existed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect tense

Imperfect (laṅ) form from root as

Root: as (class 2)

महर्षिः (maharṣiḥ) - a great sage (great sage)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of maharṣi

maharṣi - a great sage, a powerful seer

Karmadhāraya compound of mahā (great) and ṛṣi (sage)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ṛṣi)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)
  from root ṛṣ
  Root: ṛṣ

श्रुतवान् (śrutavān) - renowned for his knowledge (learned, famous, possessing knowledge)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrutavat

śrutavat - learned, wise, famous

Possessive suffix (matup/vatup)

from śruta (heard/known) + matup suffix

Root: śru (class 5)

मन्दपाल (mandapāla) - Mandapāla (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mandapāla

mandapāla - name of a sage

इति (iti) - by the name of (thus, so, by name)

(indeclinable)

used to introduce a quote or mark a name

श्रुतः (śrutaḥ) - known, renowned (heard, known, famous, renowned)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, listened, known

Past Passive Participle

from root śru + kta suffix

Root: śru (class 5)