महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-139, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
तत्र तेषु शयानेषु हिडिम्बो नाम राक्षसः ।
अविदूरे वनात्तस्माच्छालवृक्षमुपाश्रितः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tatra teṣu śayāneṣu hiḍimbo nāma rākṣasaḥ ,
avidūre vanāttasmācchālavṛkṣamupāśritaḥ.

1. vaiśampāyana uvāca tatra teṣu śayāneṣu hiḍimbaḥ nāma
rākṣasaḥ avidūre vanāt tasmāt śālavṛkṣam upāśritaḥ

1. Vaiśampāyana said: There, while they were sleeping, a demon (rākṣasa) named Hiḍimba was resting on a śāla tree not far from that forest.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• तेषु (teṣu) - among the Pāṇḍavas and their mother (among them, in them)

• शयानेषु (śayāneṣu) - while sleeping, among those sleeping

• हिडिम्बः (hiḍimbaḥ) - Hiḍimba

• नाम (nāma) - by name, named

• राक्षसः (rākṣasaḥ) - a demon, an ogre

• अविदूरे (avidūre) - not far, near

• वनात् (vanāt) - from the forest

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from that forest (from that)

• शालवृक्षम् (śālavṛkṣam) - a śāla tree

• उपाश्रितः (upāśritaḥ) - resorted to, rested on, took refuge in

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - Vaiśampāyana (a sage, pupil of Vyāsa and narrator of the Mahabharata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active third person singular

Root vac (2nd class), perfect tense, reduplicated form

Root: vac (class 2)

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

Locative suffix -tra added to pronoun base ta-

तेषु (teṣu) - among the Pāṇḍavas and their mother (among them, in them)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the Pāṇḍavas and their mother.

शयानेषु (śayāneṣu) - while sleeping, among those sleeping

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of śayāna

śayāna - lying down, sleeping

Present active participle

From root śī (to lie down, to sleep), present active participle, masculine locative plural

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Adjectival use, modifying 'teṣu'.

हिडिम्बः (hiḍimbaḥ) - Hiḍimba

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hiḍimba

hiḍimba - Hiḍimba (name of a rākṣasa)

नाम (nāma) - by name, named

(indeclinable)

Used as an indeclinable to mean 'by name' or 'named'

राक्षसः (rākṣasaḥ) - a demon, an ogre

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - demon, ogre, goblin

Derived from 'rakṣas'

अविदूरे (avidūre) - not far, near

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of avidūra

avidūra - not far, near, close by

Compound: a (negation) + dūra (far)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dūra)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• dūra – far, distant
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'nearby'.

वनात् (vanāt) - from the forest

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from that forest (from that)

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the forest.

शालवृक्षम् (śālavṛkṣam) - a śāla tree

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śālavṛkṣa

śālavṛkṣa - śāla tree (Shorea robusta)

Compound: śāla (a type of tree) + vṛkṣa (tree)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (śāla+vṛkṣa)

• śāla – śāla tree
  noun (masculine)
• vṛkṣa – tree
  noun (masculine)

उपाश्रितः (upāśritaḥ) - resorted to, rested on, took refuge in

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upāśrita

upāśrita - resorted to, taken refuge in, dependent on

Past passive participle

From root śri (to resort to, serve) with upasarga upa-ā

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Refers to Hiḍimba. Implies he was resting on or near the tree.