महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-133, verse-23

चरन्मार्गान्विजानाति नक्षत्रैर्विन्दते दिशः ।
आत्मना चात्मनः पञ्च पीडयन्नानुपीड्यते ॥२३॥

23. caranmārgānvijānāti nakṣatrairvindate diśaḥ ,
ātmanā cātmanaḥ pañca pīḍayannānupīḍyate.

23. caran mārgān vijānāti nakṣatraiḥ vindate diśaḥ
ātmanā ca ātmanaḥ pañca pīḍayan na anupīḍyate

23. One who walks the paths knows them, and by the stars, one ascertains directions. Similarly, by restraining one's own five (senses or passions) by oneself (ātman), one is not afflicted in turn.

Words meanings summery:

• चरन् (caran) - one who walks (walking, moving, performing)

• मार्गान् (mārgān) - paths, ways, roads

• विजानाति (vijānāti) - knows, understands, perceives

• नक्षत्रैः (nakṣatraiḥ) - by stars, by constellations

• विन्दते (vindate) - finds, obtains, ascertains, knows

• दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions, quarters, regions

• आत्मना (ātmanā) - by the self, by oneself, by the soul (ātman)

• च (ca) - and, also

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of the self, of oneself, of the soul (ātman)

• पञ्च (pañca) - five (senses or passions) (five)

• पीडयन् (pīḍayan) - restraining (the five senses/passions) (tormenting, afflicting, oppressing, restraining)

• न (na) - not, no

• अनुपीड्यते (anupīḍyate) - is tormented in return, is afflicted in return

Words meanings and morphology

चरन् (caran) - one who walks (walking, moving, performing)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of carat

carat - moving, walking, performing

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root 'car' (to move, walk)

Root: car (class 1)

मार्गान् (mārgān) - paths, ways, roads

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mārga

mārga - path, way, road, course

विजानाति (vijānāti) - knows, understands, perceives

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of vijñā

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

नक्षत्रैः (nakṣatraiḥ) - by stars, by constellations

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of nakṣatra

nakṣatra - star, constellation, lunar mansion

विन्दते (vindate) - finds, obtains, ascertains, knows

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of vid

Root: vid (class 6)

दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions, quarters, regions

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of diś

diś - direction, quarter, region, space

आत्मना (ātmanā) - by the self, by oneself, by the soul (ātman)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of the self, of oneself, of the soul (ātman)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence

पञ्च (pañca) - five (senses or passions) (five)

(numeral)

पीडयन् (pīḍayan) - restraining (the five senses/passions) (tormenting, afflicting, oppressing, restraining)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pīḍayat

pīḍayat - tormenting, afflicting, causing pain, oppressing

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root 'pīḍ' (to vex, torment)

Root: pīḍ (class 10)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अनुपीड्यते (anupīḍyate) - is tormented in return, is afflicted in return

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of anupīḍ

Prefix: anu

Root: pīḍ (class 10)