महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-133, verse-22

अनाप्तैर्दत्तमादत्ते नरः शस्त्रमलोहजम् ।
श्वाविच्छरणमासाद्य प्रमुच्येत हुताशनात् ॥२२॥

22. anāptairdattamādatte naraḥ śastramalohajam ,
śvāviccharaṇamāsādya pramucyeta hutāśanāt.

22. anāptaiḥ dattam ādatte naraḥ śastram alohajam
śvāvit śaraṇam āsādya pramucyeta hutāśanāt

22. A man accepts a non-metallic weapon given by unreliable persons. Yet, a porcupine, by reaching a place of refuge, can escape from fire.

22. אדם לוקח נשק שאינו עשוי ברזל ונתן לו אותו מי שאינם אמינים. אם יגיע למחסה כמו של הדורבן, ייחלץ מהאש.

Words meanings summery:

• अनाप्तैः (anāptaiḥ) - by untrustworthy ones, by unreliable persons, by those not obtained

• दत्तम् (dattam) - given, offered

• आदत्ते (ādatte) - he takes, accepts, receives

• नरः (naraḥ) - man, person

• शस्त्रम् (śastram) - weapon, instrument

• अलोहजम् (alohajam) - not made of iron, non-metallic

• श्वावित् (śvāvit) - porcupine

• शरणम् (śaraṇam) - refuge, shelter, protection

• आसाद्य (āsādya) - having reached, having obtained, having approached

• प्रमुच्येत (pramucyeta) - may be freed, may escape

• हुताशनात् (hutāśanāt) - from fire

Words meanings and morphology

अनाप्तैः (anāptaiḥ) - by untrustworthy ones, by unreliable persons, by those not obtained

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of anāpta

anāpta - untrustworthy, unreliable, unworthy, not obtained, not attained

Past Passive Participle (negative)

Compound of negative prefix an- and āpta (obtained, trustworthy, capable), derived from root āp (to obtain)

Compound type : Nañ-Tatpuruṣa (an+āpta)

• an – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• āpta – obtained, trustworthy, capable, beloved
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root āp (to obtain)
  Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Agent of dattam

दत्तम् (dattam) - given, offered

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of datta

datta - given, offered, granted

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root dā (to give)

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Qualifies śastram

आदत्ते (ādatte) - he takes, accepts, receives

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ā-dā

Present Indicative (laṭ-lakāra)

Root dā (to give) with upasarga ā, 3rd conjugation (juhotyādi), 3rd person singular middle voice

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

नरः (naraḥ) - man, person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, person, human being

Root: nṛ

Note: Subject of ādatte

शस्त्रम् (śastram) - weapon, instrument

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śastra

śastra - weapon, instrument, knife, sword

Derived from root śas (to cut)

Root: śas (class 2)

Note: Object of ādatte

अलोहजम् (alohajam) - not made of iron, non-metallic

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of alohaja

alohaja - not made of iron, non-metallic, born of non-iron

Compound of aloha (non-iron) and ja (born, produced from)

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (aloha+ja)

• aloha – non-iron, without iron
  adjective (masculine)
  Compound of negative prefix a- and loha (iron)
• ja – born, produced from, causing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Derived from root jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

श्वावित् (śvāvit) - porcupine

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śvāvit

śvāvit - porcupine

Note: Subject of pramucyeta

शरणम् (śaraṇam) - refuge, shelter, protection

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śaraṇa

śaraṇa - refuge, shelter, protection, home

Derived from root śṛ (to crush, to break) with suffix ana; or from śara (arrow)

Root: śṛ (class 9)

Note: Object of āsādya

आसाद्य (āsādya) - having reached, having obtained, having approached

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

Derived from root sad (to sit, go) with upasarga ā and suffix ya

Prefix: ā

Root: sad (class 1)

प्रमुच्येत (pramucyeta) - may be freed, may escape

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of pra-muc

Optative (vidhi-liṅ)

Root muc (to free) with upasarga pra, 6th conjugation, 3rd person singular middle voice (passive-like meaning)

Prefix: pra

Root: muc (class 6)

हुताशनात् (hutāśanāt) - from fire

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of hutāśana

hutāśana - fire (lit. having fire for food, or eating oblations)

Compound of huta (offered in fire) and aśana (eating, food)

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa or Bahuvrīhi (huta+aśana)

• huta – offered, sacrificed, cast into fire
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root hu (to offer, sacrifice)
  Root: hu (class 3)
• aśana – eating, food
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root aś (to eat)
  Root: aś (class 9)

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