महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-133, verse-19

विज्ञायेदं तथा कुर्यादापदं निस्तरेद्यथा ।
अलोहं निशितं शस्त्रं शरीरपरिकर्तनम् ।
यो वेत्ति न तमाघ्नन्ति प्रतिघातविदं द्विषः ॥१९॥

19. vijñāyedaṁ tathā kuryādāpadaṁ nistaredyathā ,
alohaṁ niśitaṁ śastraṁ śarīraparikartanam ,
yo vetti na tamāghnanti pratighātavidaṁ dviṣaḥ.

19. vijñāya idam tathā kuryāt āpadam
nistaret yathā aloham niśitam śastram
śarīra-parikartanam yaḥ vetti na
tam āghnanti pratighāta-vidam dviṣaḥ

19. Understanding this, one should act in such a way as to overcome adversity. Those enemies, even if skilled in counter-attacks, do not harm the one who understands the non-metallic, sharpened weapon that can cut the body.

19. אחרי שהבנת זאת, עשה כך שתחלץ מהסכנה. יש נשק חד שאינו עשוי ברזל והוא כורת את הגוף, מי שמכיר אותו ויודע להתגונן מפניו, אויביו אינם הורגים אותו.

Words meanings summery:

• विज्ञाय (vijñāya) - having understood, having known

• इदम् (idam) - the nature of the non-iron weapon (this)

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner, accordingly

• कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - one should do, one should act, he should make

• आपदम् (āpadam) - adversity, misfortune, calamity

• निस्तरेत् (nistaret) - one should overcome, one should cross over, one should get rid of

• यथा (yathā) - so that, in order that, as, just as

• अलोहम् (aloham) - non-iron, not metallic, made of non-iron

• निशितम् (niśitam) - sharpened, keen, acute

• शस्त्रम् (śastram) - metaphorical weapon, e.g., wisdom or diplomacy (weapon, instrument, sword)

• शरीर-परिकर्तनम् (śarīra-parikartanam) - that which cuts the body

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which (relative pronoun)

• वेत्ति (vetti) - he knows, understands

• न (na) - not, no

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• आघ्नन्ति (āghnanti) - they strike, they kill, they hurt

• प्रतिघात-विदम् (pratighāta-vidam) - knowing how to strike back, skilled in retaliation

• द्विषः (dviṣaḥ) - enemies

Words meanings and morphology

विज्ञाय (vijñāya) - having understood, having known

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

Derived from root jñā with upasarga vi

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

इदम् (idam) - the nature of the non-iron weapon (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here

Note: Object of vijñāya

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner, accordingly

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial use, modifying kuryāt

कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - one should do, one should act, he should make

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of kṛ

Optative (vidhi-liṅ)

Root kṛ, 8th conjugation, optative, 3rd person singular active

Root: kṛ (class 8)

आपदम् (āpadam) - adversity, misfortune, calamity

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of āpad

āpad - adversity, misfortune, calamity, danger

Note: Object of nistaret

निस्तरेत् (nistaret) - one should overcome, one should cross over, one should get rid of

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of nis-tṛ

Optative (vidhi-liṅ)

Root tṛ with upasarga nis, 1st conjugation, optative, 3rd person singular active

Prefix: nis

Root: tṛ (class 1)

यथा (yathā) - so that, in order that, as, just as

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a purpose clause

अलोहम् (aloham) - non-iron, not metallic, made of non-iron

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of aloha

aloha - non-iron, without iron, not made of iron

Compound of negative prefix a- and loha (iron)

Compound type : Nañ-Tatpuruṣa (a+loha)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• loha – iron, metal
  noun (masculine)

निशितम् (niśitam) - sharpened, keen, acute

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of niśita

niśita - sharpened, keen, whetted, acute

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root śo (to sharpen) with upasarga ni

Prefix: ni

Root: śo (class 4)

शस्त्रम् (śastram) - metaphorical weapon, e.g., wisdom or diplomacy (weapon, instrument, sword)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śastra

śastra - weapon, instrument, knife, sword

Derived from root śas (to cut)

Root: śas (class 2)

Note: Object of implied vetti from previous clause.

शरीर-परिकर्तनम् (śarīra-parikartanam) - that which cuts the body

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śarīra-parikartana

śarīra-parikartana - that which cuts or severs the body, body-cutting

Denominative/Agent noun

Compound of śarīra (body) and parikartana (cutting, severing), derived from root kṛt with upasarga pari

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (śarīra+parikartana)

• śarīra – body, corporeal form
  noun (neuter)
• parikartana – cutting, severing, incising
  noun (neuter)
  Agent noun / Action noun
  Derived from root kṛt (to cut) with upasarga pari
  Prefix: pari
  Root: kṛt (class 6)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which (relative pronoun)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Subject of vetti

वेत्ति (vetti) - he knows, understands

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vid

Present Indicative (laṭ-lakāra)

Root vid, 2nd conjugation (adādi), 3rd person singular active

Root: vid (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle

Note: Negates the verb āghnanti

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, her, it (demonstrative/correlative pronoun)

आघ्नन्ति (āghnanti) - they strike, they kill, they hurt

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of ā-han

Present Indicative (laṭ-lakāra)

Root han (to strike, kill) with upasarga ā, 2nd conjugation, 3rd person plural active

Prefix: ā

Root: han (class 2)

प्रतिघात-विदम् (pratighāta-vidam) - knowing how to strike back, skilled in retaliation

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pratighāta-vid

pratighāta-vid - knowing how to strike back, skilled in retaliation, understanding counter-attack

Agent noun suffix from √vid (to know)

Compound of pratighāta (counter-attack, retaliation) and vid (knower)

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (pratighāta+vid)

• pratighāta – counter-attack, retaliation, repulsion
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root han with upasargas prati and ā
  Prefixes: prati+ā
  Root: han (class 2)
• vid – knower, understanding
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Derived from root vid (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Qualifies tam (him)

द्विषः (dviṣaḥ) - enemies

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dviṣ

dviṣ - enemy, hater, adversary

Derived from root dviṣ (to hate)

Root: dviṣ (class 2)

Previous Verse Next Verse