महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-133, verse-13

तांस्तथावादिनः पौरान्दुःखितान्दुःखकर्शितः ।
उवाच परमप्रीतो धर्मराजो युधिष्ठिरः ॥१३॥

13. tāṁstathāvādinaḥ paurānduḥkhitānduḥkhakarśitaḥ ,
uvāca paramaprīto dharmarājo yudhiṣṭhiraḥ.

13. tān tathāvādinaḥ paurān duḥkhitān duḥkhakarśitaḥ
uvāca paramaprītaḥ dharmarājaḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ

13. The king of righteousness (dharma), Yudhiṣṭhira, greatly pleased, spoke to those citizens who were speaking thus, distressed and emaciated by sorrow.

Words meanings summery:

• तान् (tān) - those (citizens) (them, those)

• तथावादिनः (tathāvādinaḥ) - speaking thus, speaking in that manner

• पौरान् (paurān) - citizens, townspeople

• दुःखितान् (duḥkhitān) - distressed, sorrowful, grieved

• दुःखकर्शितः (duḥkhakarśitaḥ) - emaciated by sorrow, wasted by grief

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• परमप्रीतः (paramaprītaḥ) - greatly pleased, extremely delighted

• धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - king of righteousness, king of justice

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (proper noun)

Words meanings and morphology

तान् (tān) - those (citizens) (them, those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that

तथावादिनः (tathāvādinaḥ) - speaking thus, speaking in that manner

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tathāvādin

tathāvādin - speaking thus

Compound type : karmadhāraya (tathā+vādin)

• tathā – thus, so, in that manner
  indeclinable
• vādin – speaker, saying
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun (from √vad)
  -in suffix
  Root: vad (class 1)

पौरान् (paurān) - citizens, townspeople

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of paura

paura - citizen, townsperson

दुःखितान् (duḥkhitān) - distressed, sorrowful, grieved

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of duḥkhita

duḥkhita - distressed, pained, sorrowful

Past Passive Participle

from duḥkha + itac suffix

Root: duḥkh

दुःखकर्शितः (duḥkhakarśitaḥ) - emaciated by sorrow, wasted by grief

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkhakarśita

duḥkhakarśita - emaciated by sorrow, wasted by grief

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+karśita)

• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, suffering
  noun (neuter)
• karśita – emaciated, wasted, thinned
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from √kṛś
  Root: kṛś (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of √vac

perfect active

Root: vac (class 2)

परमप्रीतः (paramaprītaḥ) - greatly pleased, extremely delighted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paramaprīta

paramaprīta - greatly pleased, extremely delighted

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+prīta)

• parama – supreme, highest, greatest
  adjective
• prīta – pleased, delighted, satisfied
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from √prī
  Root: prī (class 9)

धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - king of righteousness, king of justice

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - king of righteousness, king of justice, lord of (natural law) dharma

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+rāja)

• dharma – righteousness, natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira