महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-133, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
पाण्डवास्तु रथान्युक्त्वा सदश्वैरनिलोपमैः ।
आरोहमाणा भीष्मस्य पादौ जगृहुरार्तवत् ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
pāṇḍavāstu rathānyuktvā sadaśvairanilopamaiḥ ,
ārohamāṇā bhīṣmasya pādau jagṛhurārtavat.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca pāṇḍavāḥ tu rathān yuktvā sadaśvaiḥ
anilopamaiḥ ārohamāṇāḥ bhīṣmasya pādau jagṛhuḥ ārtavat

1. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: But the Pāṇḍavas, having yoked their chariots with excellent, wind-swift horses, then, as they were mounting, grasped Bhīṣma's feet as if in great distress.

1. וַישַׁמְפָּאיַנַה אמר, בני פָּאנְדוּ רתמו את המרכבות לסוסים משובחים הדומים לרוח, ובעלותם עליהן אחזו ברגלי בְּהִישְׁמַה כמי שנתונים בצער,

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata to Janamejaya (Vaiśaṃpāyana (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - Vaiśaṃpāyana is speaking (he said, he spoke)

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the five sons of Pāṇḍu (the Pāṇḍavas)

• तु (tu) - marks a slight contrast or continuation (but, indeed, however)

• रथान् (rathān) - their chariots for departure (chariots)

• युक्त्वा (yuktvā) - having prepared their chariots by yoking horses (having yoked, having harnessed)

• सदश्वैः (sadaśvaiḥ) - describing the high quality of horses used for their chariots (with good horses, with excellent horses)

• अनिलोपमैः (anilopamaiḥ) - horses as swift as the wind (resembling the wind, wind-like)

• आरोहमाणाः (ārohamāṇāḥ) - while they were getting into their chariots (ascending, mounting, climbing)

• भीष्मस्य (bhīṣmasya) - the revered patriarch Bhīṣma (of Bhīṣma)

• पादौ (pādau) - Bhīṣma's feet (which they touch for blessing/farewell) (two feet, feet)

• जगृहुः (jagṛhuḥ) - they touched/grasped the feet, a sign of respect/farewell (they grasped, they seized, they took)

• आर्तवत् (ārtavat) - indicating their genuine sadness and apprehension about leaving (like one in distress, as if distressed, mournfully)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata to Janamejaya (Vaiśaṃpāyana (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Name of the sage who narrated the Mahābhārata to Janamejaya

उवाच (uvāca) - Vaiśaṃpāyana is speaking (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the five sons of Pāṇḍu (the Pāṇḍavas)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - a descendant of Pāṇḍu, name of the Pāṇḍavas

Note: Subject of the sentence.

तु (tu) - marks a slight contrast or continuation (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

रथान् (rathān) - their chariots for departure (chariots)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Object of `yuktvā`.

युक्त्वा (yuktvā) - having prepared their chariots by yoking horses (having yoked, having harnessed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root `yuj` (to yoke)

Root: yuj (class 7)

सदश्वैः (sadaśvaiḥ) - describing the high quality of horses used for their chariots (with good horses, with excellent horses)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sadaśva

sadaśva - excellent horse, good horse

Compound of `sat` (good) and `aśva` (horse)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sat+aśva)

• sat – good, excellent, existent, real
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Participle (masculine nominative singular)
  From root `as` (to be)
  Root: as (class 2)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)

Note: Denotes means of yoking.

अनिलोपमैः (anilopamaiḥ) - horses as swift as the wind (resembling the wind, wind-like)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of anilopama

anilopama - resembling the wind, wind-like

Compound of `anila` (wind) and `upama` (resemblance)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (anila+upama)

• anila – wind, air, god of wind
  noun (masculine)
• upama – likeness, comparison, resemblance
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies `sadaśvaiḥ`.

आरोहमाणाः (ārohamāṇāḥ) - while they were getting into their chariots (ascending, mounting, climbing)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ārohamāṇa

ārohamāṇa - ascending, mounting, climbing

Present Middle Participle

From root `ruh` (to ascend) with `ā`

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: Simultaneous action with `jagṛhuḥ`.

भीष्मस्य (bhīṣmasya) - the revered patriarch Bhīṣma (of Bhīṣma)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Name of the son of Gaṅgā and Śantanu, a revered patriarch

Note: Possessive, governing `pādau`.

पादौ (pādau) - Bhīṣma's feet (which they touch for blessing/farewell) (two feet, feet)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of pāda

pāda - foot, leg, step, quarter

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Object of `jagṛhuḥ`.

जगृहुः (jagṛhuḥ) - they touched/grasped the feet, a sign of respect/farewell (they grasped, they seized, they took)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of grah

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Action performed by the Pāṇḍavas.

आर्तवत् (ārtavat) - indicating their genuine sadness and apprehension about leaving (like one in distress, as if distressed, mournfully)

(indeclinable)

Formed from `ārta` (distressed) with suffix `-vat`

Note: Adverbial.

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