महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-133, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
पाण्डवास्तु रथान्युक्त्वा सदश्वैरनिलोपमैः ।
आरोहमाणा भीष्मस्य पादौ जगृहुरार्तवत् ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
pāṇḍavāstu rathānyuktvā sadaśvairanilopamaiḥ ,
ārohamāṇā bhīṣmasya pādau jagṛhurārtavat.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca pāṇḍavāḥ tu rathān yuktvā sadaśvaiḥ
anilopamaiḥ ārohamāṇāḥ bhīṣmasya pādau jagṛhuḥ ārtavat

1. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: But the Pāṇḍavas, having yoked their chariots with excellent, wind-swift horses, then, as they were mounting, grasped Bhīṣma's feet as if in great distress.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata to Janamejaya (Vaiśaṃpāyana (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - Vaiśaṃpāyana is speaking (he said, he spoke)

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the five sons of Pāṇḍu (the Pāṇḍavas)

• तु (tu) - marks a slight contrast or continuation (but, indeed, however)

• रथान् (rathān) - their chariots for departure (chariots)

• युक्त्वा (yuktvā) - having prepared their chariots by yoking horses (having yoked, having harnessed)

• सदश्वैः (sadaśvaiḥ) - describing the high quality of horses used for their chariots (with good horses, with excellent horses)

• अनिलोपमैः (anilopamaiḥ) - horses as swift as the wind (resembling the wind, wind-like)

• आरोहमाणाः (ārohamāṇāḥ) - while they were getting into their chariots (ascending, mounting, climbing)

• भीष्मस्य (bhīṣmasya) - the revered patriarch Bhīṣma (of Bhīṣma)

• पादौ (pādau) - Bhīṣma's feet (which they touch for blessing/farewell) (two feet, feet)

• जगृहुः (jagṛhuḥ) - they touched/grasped the feet, a sign of respect/farewell (they grasped, they seized, they took)

• आर्तवत् (ārtavat) - indicating their genuine sadness and apprehension about leaving (like one in distress, as if distressed, mournfully)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata to Janamejaya (Vaiśaṃpāyana (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Name of the sage who narrated the Mahābhārata to Janamejaya

उवाच (uvāca) - Vaiśaṃpāyana is speaking (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the five sons of Pāṇḍu (the Pāṇḍavas)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - a descendant of Pāṇḍu, name of the Pāṇḍavas

Note: Subject of the sentence.

तु (tu) - marks a slight contrast or continuation (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

रथान् (rathān) - their chariots for departure (chariots)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Object of `yuktvā`.

युक्त्वा (yuktvā) - having prepared their chariots by yoking horses (having yoked, having harnessed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root `yuj` (to yoke)

Root: yuj (class 7)

सदश्वैः (sadaśvaiḥ) - describing the high quality of horses used for their chariots (with good horses, with excellent horses)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sadaśva

sadaśva - excellent horse, good horse

Compound of `sat` (good) and `aśva` (horse)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sat+aśva)

• sat – good, excellent, existent, real
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Participle (masculine nominative singular)
  From root `as` (to be)
  Root: as (class 2)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)

Note: Denotes means of yoking.

अनिलोपमैः (anilopamaiḥ) - horses as swift as the wind (resembling the wind, wind-like)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of anilopama

anilopama - resembling the wind, wind-like

Compound of `anila` (wind) and `upama` (resemblance)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (anila+upama)

• anila – wind, air, god of wind
  noun (masculine)
• upama – likeness, comparison, resemblance
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies `sadaśvaiḥ`.

आरोहमाणाः (ārohamāṇāḥ) - while they were getting into their chariots (ascending, mounting, climbing)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ārohamāṇa

ārohamāṇa - ascending, mounting, climbing

Present Middle Participle

From root `ruh` (to ascend) with `ā`

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: Simultaneous action with `jagṛhuḥ`.

भीष्मस्य (bhīṣmasya) - the revered patriarch Bhīṣma (of Bhīṣma)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Name of the son of Gaṅgā and Śantanu, a revered patriarch

Note: Possessive, governing `pādau`.

पादौ (pādau) - Bhīṣma's feet (which they touch for blessing/farewell) (two feet, feet)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of pāda

pāda - foot, leg, step, quarter

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Object of `jagṛhuḥ`.

जगृहुः (jagṛhuḥ) - they touched/grasped the feet, a sign of respect/farewell (they grasped, they seized, they took)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of grah

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Action performed by the Pāṇḍavas.

आर्तवत् (ārtavat) - indicating their genuine sadness and apprehension about leaving (like one in distress, as if distressed, mournfully)

(indeclinable)

Formed from `ārta` (distressed) with suffix `-vat`

Note: Adverbial.