महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-133, verse-30

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
अष्टमेऽहनि रोहिण्यां प्रयाताः फल्गुनस्य ते ।
वारणावतमासाद्य ददृशुर्नागरं जनम् ॥३०॥

30. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
aṣṭame'hani rohiṇyāṁ prayātāḥ phalgunasya te ,
vāraṇāvatamāsādya dadṛśurnāgaraṁ janam.

30. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca | aṣṭame ahani rohiṇyām prayātāḥ
phālgunasya te | vāraṇāvatam āsādya dadṛśuḥ nāgaram janam

30. Vaiśampāyana said: On the eighth day, with the moon in the Rohiṇī constellation, they, the followers of Phālguna (Arjuna), set out. Upon reaching Vāraṇāvata, they saw the city's inhabitants.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अष्टमे (aṣṭame) - on the eighth

• अहनि (ahani) - on the day

• रोहिण्याम् (rohiṇyām) - in Rohiṇī (constellation)

• प्रयाताः (prayātāḥ) - departed, set out

• फाल्गुनस्य (phālgunasya) - of Phālguna, of Arjuna

• ते (te) - they

• वारणावतम् (vāraṇāvatam) - to Vāraṇāvata

• आसाद्य (āsādya) - having reached, having approached

• ददृशुः (dadṛśuḥ) - they saw

• नागरम् (nāgaram) - the city's (people) (city, urban, civic)

• जनम् (janam) - people, person, individual

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśampāyana (sage and narrator of the Mahābhārata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of uvāca

Perfect Active

From root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

अष्टमे (aṣṭame) - on the eighth

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of aṣṭama

aṣṭama - eighth

अहनि (ahani) - on the day

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of ahan

ahan - day

रोहिण्याम् (rohiṇyām) - in Rohiṇī (constellation)

(proper noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of rohiṇī

rohiṇī - Rohiṇī (the fourth lunar mansion or nakṣatra)

प्रयाताः (prayātāḥ) - departed, set out

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prayāta

prayāta - departed, set out, gone forth

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root yā (to go) with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

फाल्गुनस्य (phālgunasya) - of Phālguna, of Arjuna

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of phālguna

phālguna - Arjuna (a name of Arjuna); related to the month Phālguna

ते (te) - they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it, they

वारणावतम् (vāraṇāvatam) - to Vāraṇāvata

(proper noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vāraṇāvata

vāraṇāvata - Vāraṇāvata (a city mentioned in the Mahābhārata)

आसाद्य (āsādya) - having reached, having approached

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root sad (to sit, approach) with prefix ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: sad (class 1)

ददृशुः (dadṛśuḥ) - they saw

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of dadṛśuḥ

Perfect Active

From root dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

नागरम् (nāgaram) - the city's (people) (city, urban, civic)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nāgara

nāgara - of the city, urban, citizen

Derived from nagara (city)

जनम् (janam) - people, person, individual

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jana

jana - person, people, man