महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-117, verse-21

ब्रह्मचर्यव्रतस्थस्य तस्य दिव्येन हेतुना ।
साक्षाद्धर्मादयं पुत्रस्तस्य जातो युधिष्ठिरः ॥२१॥

21. brahmacaryavratasthasya tasya divyena hetunā ,
sākṣāddharmādayaṁ putrastasya jāto yudhiṣṭhiraḥ.

21. brahmacaryavratasthasya tasya divyena hetunā sākṣāt
dharmāt ayam putraḥ tasya jātaḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ

21. To him (Pāṇḍu), while he was observing the vow of celibacy (brahmacarya), this son Yudhiṣṭhira was born by a divine cause directly from Dharma (the deity of natural law/righteousness).

Words meanings summery:

• ब्रह्मचर्यव्रतस्थस्य (brahmacaryavratasthasya) - of him (Pāṇḍu) while observing the vow of celibacy (brahmacarya) (of one observing the vow of celibacy (brahmacarya))

• तस्य (tasya) - to him (Pāṇḍu) (his, of him)

• दिव्येन (divyena) - by divine, by heavenly

• हेतुना (hetunā) - by cause, by reason

• साक्षात् (sākṣāt) - directly, visibly, in person

• धर्मात् (dharmāt) - directly from Dharma (the deity of natural law/righteousness) (from Dharma, from righteousness, from natural law)

• अयम् (ayam) - this (son) (this, this one)

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

• तस्य (tasya) - to his (Pāṇḍu's wife Kuntī - implied) (his, of him)

• जातः (jātaḥ) - was born (born, produced)

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (proper noun)

Words meanings and morphology

ब्रह्मचर्यव्रतस्थस्य (brahmacaryavratasthasya) - of him (Pāṇḍu) while observing the vow of celibacy (brahmacarya) (of one observing the vow of celibacy (brahmacarya))

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of brahmacaryavratastha

brahmacaryavratastha - observing the vow of celibacy

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brahmacaryavrata+stha)

• brahmacaryavrata – vow of celibacy
  noun (neuter)
• brahmacarya – celibacy, student life (first āśrama)
  noun (neuter)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious duty
  noun (neuter)
• stha – standing, abiding, situated in
  adjective (masculine)
  From root sthā 'to stand'
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with tasya

तस्य (tasya) - to him (Pāṇḍu) (his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

दिव्येन (divyena) - by divine, by heavenly

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of divya

divya - divine, heavenly, celestial

Note: Agrees with hetunā

हेतुना (hetunā) - by cause, by reason

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of hetu

hetu - cause, reason, motive

साक्षात् (sākṣāt) - directly, visibly, in person

(indeclinable)

धर्मात् (dharmāt) - directly from Dharma (the deity of natural law/righteousness) (from Dharma, from righteousness, from natural law)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, righteousness, duty, constitution, religion

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

अयम् (ayam) - this (son) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son

तस्य (tasya) - to his (Pāṇḍu's wife Kuntī - implied) (his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

जातः (jātaḥ) - was born (born, produced)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, arisen

Past Passive Participle

From root jan

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Used as a finite verb here

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava); firm in battle

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  From root sthā
  Root: sthā (class 1)