महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-117, verse-2

हित्वा राज्यं च राष्ट्रं च स महात्मा महातपाः ।
अस्मिन्स्थाने तपस्तप्तुं तापसाञ्शरणं गतः ॥२॥

2. hitvā rājyaṁ ca rāṣṭraṁ ca sa mahātmā mahātapāḥ ,
asminsthāne tapastaptuṁ tāpasāñśaraṇaṁ gataḥ.

2. hitvā rājyam ca rāṣṭram ca sa mahātmā mahātapaḥ
| asmin sthāne tapaḥ taptum tāpasān śaraṇam gataḥ

2. Having renounced both his kingdom and his realm, that great-souled (mahātmā) one, who practiced great austerity, came to this place and took refuge with the ascetics to perform (his) penance (tapas).

Words meanings summery:

• हित्वा (hitvā) - having abandoned, having left, having given up

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty

• च (ca) - and, also

• राष्ट्रम् (rāṣṭram) - realm, country, empire

• च (ca) - and, also

• स (sa) - Pāṇḍu (he, that)

• महात्मा (mahātmā) - King Pāṇḍu, who was great-souled (great-souled, noble)

• महातपः (mahātapaḥ) - King Pāṇḍu, who performed great penance (of great austerity, great ascetic)

• अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this

• स्थाने (sthāne) - in place, in position

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance

• तप्तुम् (taptum) - to practice austerity (to practice (austerity), to heat, to burn)

• तापसान् (tāpasān) - to ascetics, to hermits

• शरणम् (śaraṇam) - refuge, protection

• गतः (gataḥ) - gone, resorted to, approached

Words meanings and morphology

हित्वा (hitvā) - having abandoned, having left, having given up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Formed with suffix -tvā from root hā (to abandon)

Root: hā (class 3)

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, sovereignty

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

राष्ट्रम् (rāṣṭram) - realm, country, empire

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rāṣṭra

rāṣṭra - realm, country, empire

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

स (sa) - Pāṇḍu (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

महात्मा (mahātmā) - King Pāṇḍu, who was great-souled (great-souled, noble)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble (mahātmā)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective (masculine)
• ātman – soul, self, spirit (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used adjectivally to describe Pāṇḍu.

महातपः (mahātapaḥ) - King Pāṇḍu, who performed great penance (of great austerity, great ascetic)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātapas

mahātapas - great austerity, great ascetic

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahat+tapas)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective (neuter)
• tapas – austerity, penance (tapas)
  noun (neuter)

अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

स्थाने (sthāne) - in place, in position

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of sthāna

sthāna - place, position, abode

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance (tapas), heat

तप्तुम् (taptum) - to practice austerity (to practice (austerity), to heat, to burn)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Formed with suffix -tum from root tap

Root: tap (class 1)

तापसान् (tāpasān) - to ascetics, to hermits

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tāpasa

tāpasa - ascetic, hermit

शरणम् (śaraṇam) - refuge, protection

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śaraṇa

śaraṇa - refuge, protection, shelter

गतः (gataḥ) - gone, resorted to, approached

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, arrived, reached

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root gam

Root: gam (class 1)