महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-117, verse-12

तथा विट्शूद्रसंघानां महान्व्यतिकरोऽभवत् ।
न कश्चिदकरोदीर्ष्यामभवन्धर्मबुद्धयः ॥१२॥

12. tathā viṭśūdrasaṁghānāṁ mahānvyatikaro'bhavat ,
na kaścidakarodīrṣyāmabhavandharmabuddhayaḥ.

12. tathā viṭśūdrasaṅghānām mahān vyatikaraḥ abhavat
na kaścit akarot īrṣyām abhavan dharmabuddhayaḥ

12. Thus, there was a great intermingling among the groups of Vaishyas and Shudras. No one felt envy; their minds were fixed on natural law (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - thus, in that manner, similarly

• विट्शूद्रसङ्घानाम् (viṭśūdrasaṅghānām) - of the groups of Vaishyas and Shudras

• महान् (mahān) - great, large

• व्यतिकरः (vyatikaraḥ) - intermingling, confusion, mixture

• अभवत् (abhavat) - was, occurred, became

• न (na) - not, no

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - "no one" due to `na` (someone, anyone)

• अकरोत् (akarot) - did, made, showed

• ईर्ष्याम् (īrṣyām) - envy, jealousy

• अभवन् (abhavan) - they were, they became

• धर्मबुद्धयः (dharmabuddhayaḥ) - whose intentions are dharma-aligned, whose minds are fixed on natural law (dharma)

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - thus, in that manner, similarly

(indeclinable)

विट्शूद्रसङ्घानाम् (viṭśūdrasaṅghānām) - of the groups of Vaishyas and Shudras

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of viṭśūdrasaṅgha

viṭśūdrasaṅgha - groups of Vaishyas and Shudras

Compound type : dvandva (viṭ+śūdra+saṅgha)

• viṭ – Vaishya (member of the third varna), commoner
  noun (masculine)
  `viś` (Vaishya) becomes `viṭ` in certain sandhi contexts within compounds.
  Root: viś (class 6)
• śūdra – Shudra (member of the fourth varna)
  noun (masculine)
• saṅgha – group, multitude, association
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: han (class 2)

महान् (mahān) - great, large

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important

Note: Modifies `vyatikaraḥ`.

व्यतिकरः (vyatikaraḥ) - intermingling, confusion, mixture

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyatikara

vyatikara - mixture, intermingling, confusion

Prefixes: vi+ati

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject of `abhavat`.

अभवत् (abhavat) - was, occurred, became

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect active

3rd singular, active voice, imperfect tense

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Main verb.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation.

कश्चित् (kaścit) - "no one" due to `na` (someone, anyone)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścid

kaścid - someone, anyone

Formed from `kim` + `cit` particle.

Root: kim

अकरोत् (akarot) - did, made, showed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of kṛ

Imperfect active

3rd singular, active voice, imperfect tense

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Main verb.

ईर्ष्याम् (īrṣyām) - envy, jealousy

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of īrṣyā

īrṣyā - envy, jealousy, malice

Root: īrṣ (class 4)

Note: Object of `akarot`.

अभवन् (abhavan) - they were, they became

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect active

3rd plural, active voice, imperfect tense

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Main verb.

धर्मबुद्धयः (dharmabuddhayaḥ) - whose intentions are dharma-aligned, whose minds are fixed on natural law (dharma)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dharmabuddhi

dharmabuddhi - mind fixed on natural law (dharma), one whose thoughts are pious

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dharma+buddhi)

• dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• buddhi – intellect, understanding, mind, intention
  noun (feminine)
  From `budh` (to know)
  Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Subject of `abhavan`.