महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-117, verse-12

तथा विट्शूद्रसंघानां महान्व्यतिकरोऽभवत् ।
न कश्चिदकरोदीर्ष्यामभवन्धर्मबुद्धयः ॥१२॥

12. tathā viṭśūdrasaṁghānāṁ mahānvyatikaro'bhavat ,
na kaścidakarodīrṣyāmabhavandharmabuddhayaḥ.

12. tathā viṭśūdrasaṅghānām mahān vyatikaraḥ abhavat
na kaścit akarot īrṣyām abhavan dharmabuddhayaḥ

12. Thus, there was a great intermingling among the groups of Vaishyas and Shudras. No one felt envy; their minds were fixed on natural law (dharma).

12. וכך נוצר ערבוב גדול גם בין המוני בני המעמד המסחרי והמעמד המשרת. איש לא קינא באחר, כי כולם היו מכוונים אל היושר.

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - thus, in that manner, similarly

• विट्शूद्रसङ्घानाम् (viṭśūdrasaṅghānām) - of the groups of Vaishyas and Shudras

• महान् (mahān) - great, large

• व्यतिकरः (vyatikaraḥ) - intermingling, confusion, mixture

• अभवत् (abhavat) - was, occurred, became

• न (na) - not, no

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - "no one" due to `na` (someone, anyone)

• अकरोत् (akarot) - did, made, showed

• ईर्ष्याम् (īrṣyām) - envy, jealousy

• अभवन् (abhavan) - they were, they became

• धर्मबुद्धयः (dharmabuddhayaḥ) - whose intentions are dharma-aligned, whose minds are fixed on natural law (dharma)

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - thus, in that manner, similarly

(indeclinable)

विट्शूद्रसङ्घानाम् (viṭśūdrasaṅghānām) - of the groups of Vaishyas and Shudras

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of viṭśūdrasaṅgha

viṭśūdrasaṅgha - groups of Vaishyas and Shudras

Compound type : dvandva (viṭ+śūdra+saṅgha)

• viṭ – Vaishya (member of the third varna), commoner
  noun (masculine)
  `viś` (Vaishya) becomes `viṭ` in certain sandhi contexts within compounds.
  Root: viś (class 6)
• śūdra – Shudra (member of the fourth varna)
  noun (masculine)
• saṅgha – group, multitude, association
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: han (class 2)

महान् (mahān) - great, large

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important

Note: Modifies `vyatikaraḥ`.

व्यतिकरः (vyatikaraḥ) - intermingling, confusion, mixture

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyatikara

vyatikara - mixture, intermingling, confusion

Prefixes: vi+ati

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject of `abhavat`.

अभवत् (abhavat) - was, occurred, became

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect active

3rd singular, active voice, imperfect tense

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Main verb.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation.

कश्चित् (kaścit) - "no one" due to `na` (someone, anyone)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścid

kaścid - someone, anyone

Formed from `kim` + `cit` particle.

Root: kim

अकरोत् (akarot) - did, made, showed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of kṛ

Imperfect active

3rd singular, active voice, imperfect tense

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Main verb.

ईर्ष्याम् (īrṣyām) - envy, jealousy

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of īrṣyā

īrṣyā - envy, jealousy, malice

Root: īrṣ (class 4)

Note: Object of `akarot`.

अभवन् (abhavan) - they were, they became

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect active

3rd plural, active voice, imperfect tense

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Main verb.

धर्मबुद्धयः (dharmabuddhayaḥ) - whose intentions are dharma-aligned, whose minds are fixed on natural law (dharma)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dharmabuddhi

dharmabuddhi - mind fixed on natural law (dharma), one whose thoughts are pious

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dharma+buddhi)

• dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• buddhi – intellect, understanding, mind, intention
  noun (feminine)
  From `budh` (to know)
  Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Subject of `abhavan`.

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