महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-116, verse-31

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
इत्युक्त्वा तं चिताग्निस्थं धर्मपत्नी नरर्षभम् ।
मद्रराजात्मजा तूर्णमन्वारोहद्यशस्विनी ॥३१॥

31. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
ityuktvā taṁ citāgnisthaṁ dharmapatnī nararṣabham ,
madrarājātmajā tūrṇamanvārohadyaśasvinī.

31. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca | iti uktvā tam citāgnistham dharmapatnī
nararṣabham | madrarājātmajā tūrṇam anvārohat yaśasvinī

31. Vaiśampayana said: Having spoken thus, his lawful wife (dharmapatnī), the glorious daughter of the Madra king, quickly ascended the funeral pyre after that best of men (nararṣabham), who was lying in the pyre's flames.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The sage Vaiśampayana, narrator of the Mahabharata (Vaiśampayana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• इति (iti) - Indicates the end of a quote (thus, in this manner)

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

• तम् (tam) - him (Pāṇḍu) (him, that (person))

• चिताग्निस्थम् (citāgnistham) - Pāṇḍu, lying on his funeral pyre (situated on the funeral pyre's fire, lying in the pyre)

• धर्मपत्नी (dharmapatnī) - Mādrī, Pāṇḍu's lawful wife (lawful wife, dutiful wife)

• नरर्षभम् (nararṣabham) - King Pāṇḍu, who was the best of men (bull among men, best of men)

• मद्राजात्मजा (madrājātmajā) - Mādrī, the daughter of the king of the Madras (daughter of the Madra king)

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

• अन्वारोहत् (anvārohat) - ascended onto the funeral pyre after her husband (ascended after, followed onto)

• यशस्विनी (yaśasvinī) - Mādrī, who was glorious (glorious, famous, illustrious)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The sage Vaiśampayana, narrator of the Mahabharata (Vaiśampayana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśampayana (a sage)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

इति (iti) - Indicates the end of a quote (thus, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Formed with suffix -tvā from root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

तम् (tam) - him (Pāṇḍu) (him, that (person))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

चिताग्निस्थम् (citāgnistham) - Pāṇḍu, lying on his funeral pyre (situated on the funeral pyre's fire, lying in the pyre)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of citāgnistha

citāgnistha - situated on the funeral pyre's fire

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (citāgni+stha)

• citāgni – funeral pyre fire
  noun (masculine)
• stha – standing, situated, being in
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root sthā
  Root: sthā (class 1)

धर्मपत्नी (dharmapatnī) - Mādrī, Pāṇḍu's lawful wife (lawful wife, dutiful wife)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dharmapatnī

dharmapatnī - lawful wife, dutiful wife

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+patnī)

• dharma – duty, righteousness, natural law (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
• patnī – wife
  noun (feminine)

नरर्षभम् (nararṣabham) - King Pāṇḍu, who was the best of men (bull among men, best of men)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nararṣabha

nararṣabha - bull among men, best of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+ṛṣabha)

• nara – man
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, preeminent
  noun (masculine)

मद्राजात्मजा (madrājātmajā) - Mādrī, the daughter of the king of the Madras (daughter of the Madra king)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of madrārājātmajā

madrārājātmajā - daughter of the Madra king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (madra-rāja+ātmajā)

• madra-rāja – king of Madra
  proper noun (masculine)
• ātmajā – daughter (born from self)
  noun (feminine)

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially (neuter accusative singular).

अन्वारोहत् (anvārohat) - ascended onto the funeral pyre after her husband (ascended after, followed onto)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of āruh

Prefixes: anu+ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

यशस्विनी (yaśasvinī) - Mādrī, who was glorious (glorious, famous, illustrious)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yaśasvin

yaśasvin - glorious, famous, illustrious