महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-116, verse-20

कथं दीनस्य सततं त्वामासाद्य रहोगताम् ।
तं विचिन्तयतः शापं प्रहर्षः समजायत ॥२०॥

20. kathaṁ dīnasya satataṁ tvāmāsādya rahogatām ,
taṁ vicintayataḥ śāpaṁ praharṣaḥ samajāyata.

20. katham dīnasya satatam tvām āsādya rahogatām
tam vicintayataḥ śāpam praharṣaḥ samajāyata

20. How could great joy arise in him who, constantly wretched and contemplating that curse, upon finding you secluded?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how, why, in what way

• दीनस्य (dīnasya) - of him who was wretched (referring to the subject of 'vicintayataḥ') (of the wretched, of the miserable, of the poor)

• सततम् (satatam) - always, constantly, continually

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you

• आसाद्य (āsādya) - having reached, having obtained, having found

• रहोगताम् (rahogatām) - you (fem. acc. sg.) who had gone into seclusion (gone to a lonely place, secluded, private)

• तम् (tam) - that (curse) (him, that)

• विचिन्तयतः (vicintayataḥ) - of him who is contemplating, thinking deeply

• शापम् (śāpam) - curse

• प्रहर्षः (praharṣaḥ) - great joy, delight, ecstasy

• समजायत (samajāyata) - arose, happened, came into being

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how, why, in what way

(indeclinable)

दीनस्य (dīnasya) - of him who was wretched (referring to the subject of 'vicintayataḥ') (of the wretched, of the miserable, of the poor)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dīna

dīna - wretched, miserable, poor, distressed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'dī' (to perish) or 'day' (to pity) with suffix '-na'

Root: dī/day

सततम् (satatam) - always, constantly, continually

(indeclinable)

त्वाम् (tvām) - you

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

आसाद्य (āsādya) - having reached, having obtained, having found

(indeclinable)

Gerund (absolutive)

Prefix 'ā' + root 'sad' + gerund suffix '-ya'

Prefix: ā

Root: sad (class 1)

रहोगताम् (rahogatām) - you (fem. acc. sg.) who had gone into seclusion (gone to a lonely place, secluded, private)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of rahogata

rahogata - gone to a lonely place, secluded, private

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rahas+gata)

• rahas – seclusion, secret, privacy
  noun (neuter)
• gata – gone, reached, obtained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'gam' with suffix '-ta'
  Root: gam (class 1)

तम् (tam) - that (curse) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

विचिन्तयतः (vicintayataḥ) - of him who is contemplating, thinking deeply

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vicintayat

vicintayat - contemplating, thinking deeply

Present Active Participle

Root 'cint' with prefix 'vi', in causative (cintaya) form, with present participle suffix '-at'

Prefix: vi

Root: cint (class 10)

शापम् (śāpam) - curse

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śāpa

śāpa - curse, imprecation

From root 'śap' (to curse)

Root: śap (class 1)

प्रहर्षः (praharṣaḥ) - great joy, delight, ecstasy

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of praharṣa

praharṣa - great joy, delight, ecstasy

Prefix 'pra' + root 'hr̥ṣ' (to be glad)

Prefix: pra

Root: hr̥ṣ (class 4)

समजायत (samajāyata) - arose, happened, came into being

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of sam-jan

Prefix: sam

Root: jan (class 4)