भगवद्गीता
bhagavad-gītā
-
chapter-4, verse-40
अज्ञश्चाश्रद्दधानश्च संशयात्मा विनश्यति ।
नायं लोकोऽस्ति न परो न सुखं संशयात्मनः ॥४०॥
नायं लोकोऽस्ति न परो न सुखं संशयात्मनः ॥४०॥
40. ajñaścāśraddadhānaśca saṁśayātmā vinaśyati ,
nāyaṁ loko'sti na paro na sukhaṁ saṁśayātmanaḥ.
nāyaṁ loko'sti na paro na sukhaṁ saṁśayātmanaḥ.
40.
ajñaḥ ca aśraddadhānaḥ ca saṃśayātmā vinaśyati na
ayam lokaḥ asti na paraḥ na sukham saṃśayātmanaḥ
ayam lokaḥ asti na paraḥ na sukham saṃśayātmanaḥ
40.
ajñaḥ ca aśraddadhānaḥ ca saṃśayātmā vinaśyati saṃśayātmanaḥ ayam lokaḥ na asti,
na paraḥ,
na sukham
na paraḥ,
na sukham
40.
The ignorant person, the one without faith (śraddhā), and the one whose self (ātman) is full of doubt (saṃśayātmā) all perish. For the doubting soul (saṃśayātmā), there is neither this world, nor the next, nor happiness.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- अज्ञः (ajñaḥ) - ignorant, unknowing, foolish
- च (ca) - and, also
- अश्रद्दधानः (aśraddadhānaḥ) - without faith, unbelieving, distrustful
- च (ca) - and, also
- संशयात्मा (saṁśayātmā) - one whose self (ātman) is full of doubt, doubting soul
- विनश्यति (vinaśyati) - perishes, is destroyed, is ruined
- न (na) - not, no
- अयम् (ayam) - this
- लोकः (lokaḥ) - Refers to this material world. (world, realm, people)
- अस्ति (asti) - is, exists, there is
- न (na) - not, no
- परः (paraḥ) - Refers to the other world, the afterlife. (the other, supreme, highest)
- न (na) - not, no
- सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, joy, ease
- संशयात्मनः (saṁśayātmanaḥ) - for the doubting soul, of the doubting soul
Words meanings and morphology
अज्ञः (ajñaḥ) - ignorant, unknowing, foolish
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of ajña
ajña - ignorant, foolish, unknowing
a (not) + jña (knowing, from √jñā)
Compound type : tatpurusha (negative) (a+jña)
- a – not, un-, non-
indeclinable - jña – knowing, wise, knowledgeable
adjective (masculine)
from √jñā (to know)
Root: jñā (class 9)
Note: Used here as a noun, "the ignorant person".
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
Note: Functions as a conjunction.
अश्रद्दधानः (aśraddadhānaḥ) - without faith, unbelieving, distrustful
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of aśraddadhāna
aśraddadhāna - unbelieving, without faith (śraddhā), distrustful
Present Active Participle (negative)
a (not) + śraddadhāna (having faith, from śrad + dhā)
Compound type : tatpurusha (negative) (a+śraddadhāna)
- a – not, un-, non-
indeclinable - śraddadhāna – having faith, believing
adjective (masculine)
Present Active Participle
from śrad + √dhā (to place, to hold)
Prefix: śrad
Root: dhā (class 3)
Note: Used here as a noun, "the one without faith".
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
Note: Functions as a conjunction.
संशयात्मा (saṁśayātmā) - one whose self (ātman) is full of doubt, doubting soul
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃśayātman
saṁśayātman - one whose self (ātman) is full of doubt, doubting soul
Compound type : bahuvrihi (saṃśaya+ātman)
- saṃśaya – doubt, uncertainty
noun (masculine)
from sam + śi (to doubt)
Prefix: sam
Root: śi (class 5) - ātman – self, soul, spirit, individual soul
noun (masculine)
Note: Nominative singular of n-stem noun ātman in a compound.
विनश्यति (vinaśyati) - perishes, is destroyed, is ruined
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of vinaś
Prefix: vi
Root: naś (class 4)
Note: Parasmaipada form.
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
अयम् (ayam) - this
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of idam
idam - this, here
Note: Refers to lokaḥ.
लोकः (lokaḥ) - Refers to this material world. (world, realm, people)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of loka
loka - world, realm, people, division of the universe
अस्ति (asti) - is, exists, there is
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of as
Root: as (class 2)
Note: Parasmaipada form.
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
परः (paraḥ) - Refers to the other world, the afterlife. (the other, supreme, highest)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of para
para - other, next, supreme, ultimate
Note: Used here as a noun, "the other (world)".
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, joy, ease
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of sukha
sukha - happiness, joy, pleasure, ease, comfort
Note: Also accusative singular neuter.
संशयात्मनः (saṁśayātmanaḥ) - for the doubting soul, of the doubting soul
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of saṃśayātman
saṁśayātman - one whose self (ātman) is full of doubt, doubting soul
Compound type : bahuvrihi (saṃśaya+ātman)
- saṃśaya – doubt, uncertainty
noun (masculine)
from sam + śi (to doubt)
Prefix: sam
Root: śi (class 5) - ātman – self, soul, spirit, individual soul
noun (masculine)
Note: Can also be dative singular. Contextually, "for" is more fitting.