भगवद्गीता
bhagavad-gītā
-
chapter-4, verse-4
अर्जुन उवाच ।
अपरं भवतो जन्म परं जन्म विवस्वतः ।
कथमेतद्विजानीयां त्वमादौ प्रोक्तवानिति ॥४॥
अपरं भवतो जन्म परं जन्म विवस्वतः ।
कथमेतद्विजानीयां त्वमादौ प्रोक्तवानिति ॥४॥
4. arjuna uvāca ,
aparaṁ bhavato janma paraṁ janma vivasvataḥ ,
kathametadvijānīyāṁ tvamādau proktavāniti.
aparaṁ bhavato janma paraṁ janma vivasvataḥ ,
kathametadvijānīyāṁ tvamādau proktavāniti.
4.
arjuna uvāca aparaṃ bhavato janma paraṃ janma vivasvataḥ
katham etat vijānīyām tvam ādau proktavān iti
katham etat vijānīyām tvam ādau proktavān iti
4.
arjuna uvāca bhavataḥ janma aparaṃ vivasvataḥ janma
param iti kathametat tvam ādau proktavān vijānīyām
param iti kathametat tvam ādau proktavān vijānīyām
4. Arjuna said: Your birth is recent, while the birth of Vivasvān happened in ancient times. How am I to understand that you declared this in the beginning?
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- अर्जुन (arjuna) - Arjuna
- उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke
- अपरम् (aparam) - recent (later, recent, lower)
- भवतस् (bhavatas) - of your, of you
- जन्म (janma) - birth, origin, life
- परम् (param) - ancient (higher, earlier, ancient, supreme)
- जन्म (janma) - birth, origin, life
- विवस्वतः (vivasvataḥ) - of Vivasvān (the sun god)
- कथम् (katham) - how
- एतत् (etat) - this
- विजानीयाम् (vijānīyām) - I might know, I might understand
- त्वम् (tvam) - you
- आदौ (ādau) - in the beginning, at first
- प्रोक्तवान् (proktavān) - having declared, having spoken
- इति (iti) - thus
Words meanings and morphology
अर्जुन (arjuna) - Arjuna
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna
arjuna - Arjuna
उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac
Root: vac (class 2)
अपरम् (aparam) - recent (later, recent, lower)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of apara
apara - other, later, lower, western
भवतस् (bhavatas) - of your, of you
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of bhavat
bhavat - your honor, you
जन्म (janma) - birth, origin, life
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of janman
janman - birth, origin, life, creature
Root: jan (class 4)
परम् (param) - ancient (higher, earlier, ancient, supreme)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of para
para - other, higher, earlier, supreme
जन्म (janma) - birth, origin, life
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of janman
janman - birth, origin, life, creature
Root: jan (class 4)
विवस्वतः (vivasvataḥ) - of Vivasvān (the sun god)
(proper noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of vivasvat
vivasvat - Vivasvān, the sun god
कथम् (katham) - how
(indeclinable)
एतत् (etat) - this
(pronoun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of etad
etad - this
विजानीयाम् (vijānīyām) - I might know, I might understand
(verb)
1st person , singular, active, potential (liṅ) of jñā
Prefix: vi
Root: jñā (class 9)
त्वम् (tvam) - you
(pronoun)
Nominative, singular of tvad
tvad - you
आदौ (ādau) - in the beginning, at first
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of ādi
ādi - beginning, first
प्रोक्तवान् (proktavān) - having declared, having spoken
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of proktavat
proktavat - one who has declared or spoken
Past active participle
verbal root vac with pra, plus tavat suffix
Prefix: pra
Root: vac (class 2)
इति (iti) - thus
(indeclinable)