भगवद्गीता
bhagavad-gītā
-
chapter-4, verse-19
यस्य सर्वे समारम्भाः कामसंकल्पवर्जिताः ।
ज्ञानाग्निदग्धकर्माणं तमाहुः पण्डितं बुधाः ॥१९॥
ज्ञानाग्निदग्धकर्माणं तमाहुः पण्डितं बुधाः ॥१९॥
19. yasya sarve samārambhāḥ kāmasaṁkalpavarjitāḥ ,
jñānāgnidagdhakarmāṇaṁ tamāhuḥ paṇḍitaṁ budhāḥ.
jñānāgnidagdhakarmāṇaṁ tamāhuḥ paṇḍitaṁ budhāḥ.
19.
yasya sarve samārambhāḥ kāmasaṃkalpavarjitāḥ |
jñānāgnidagdhakarmāṇam tam āhuḥ paṇḍitam budhāḥ
jñānāgnidagdhakarmāṇam tam āhuḥ paṇḍitam budhāḥ
19.
yasya sarve samārambhāḥ kāmasaṃkalpavarjitāḥ (santi),
jñānāgnidagdhakarmāṇam tam (puruṣam) budhāḥ paṇḍitam āhuḥ.
jñānāgnidagdhakarmāṇam tam (puruṣam) budhāḥ paṇḍitam āhuḥ.
19.
Those who are truly wise (budhāḥ) declare him a sage (paṇḍitam), whose every undertaking (samārambhāḥ) is free from desire (kāma) and self-will (saṃkalpa), and whose actions (karma) have been consumed by the fire of knowledge (jñāna).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom
- सर्वे (sarve) - all, every
- समारम्भाः (samārambhāḥ) - undertakings, endeavors, beginnings
- कामसंकल्पवर्जिताः (kāmasaṁkalpavarjitāḥ) - devoid of desires (kāma) and resolutions (saṃkalpa), free from desires and intentions
- ज्ञानाग्निदग्धकर्माणम् (jñānāgnidagdhakarmāṇam) - whose actions (karma) are burned by the fire of knowledge (jñāna)
- तम् (tam) - him, that
- आहुः (āhuḥ) - they call, they say, they declare
- पण्डितम् (paṇḍitam) - learned, wise, a sage, a scholar
- बुधाः (budhāḥ) - the wise ones, enlightened persons, scholars
Words meanings and morphology
यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of yad
yad - who, which, what, that
Relative pronoun
सर्वे (sarve) - all, every
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva
sarva - all, every, whole, complete
समारम्भाः (samārambhāḥ) - undertakings, endeavors, beginnings
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of samārambha
samārambha - undertaking, enterprise, commencement, attempt
Derived from sam-ā-√rabh (to begin)
Prefixes: sam+ā
Root: rabh (class 1)
कामसंकल्पवर्जिताः (kāmasaṁkalpavarjitāḥ) - devoid of desires (kāma) and resolutions (saṃkalpa), free from desires and intentions
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of kāmasaṃkalpavarjita
kāmasaṁkalpavarjita - devoid of desires and intentions
Compound adjective
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāma+saṃkalpa+varjita)
- kāma – desire, wish, love, sensual pleasure
noun (masculine)
From √kam (to desire)
Root: kam (class 1) - saṃkalpa – resolve, intention, volition, purpose, mental concept
noun (masculine)
From sam-√kḷp (to resolve, to intend)
Prefix: sam
Root: kḷp (class 1) - varjita – abandoned, excluded, avoided, devoid of
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From √vṛj (to avoid) with suffix -ta
Root: vṛj (class 1)
ज्ञानाग्निदग्धकर्माणम् (jñānāgnidagdhakarmāṇam) - whose actions (karma) are burned by the fire of knowledge (jñāna)
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of jñānāgnidagdhakarman
jñānāgnidagdhakarman - one whose actions are consumed by the fire of knowledge
Bahuvrihi compound (lit. 'whose actions are burned by the fire of knowledge')
Compound type : bahuvrihi (jñāna+agni+dagdha+karman)
- jñāna – knowledge, wisdom, spiritual knowledge
noun (neuter)
From √jñā (to know)
Root: jñā (class 9) - agni – fire, sacrificial fire, god of fire
noun (masculine) - dagdha – burned, consumed by fire
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From √dah (to burn) with suffix -ta
Root: dah (class 1) - karman – action, deed, work, destiny
noun (neuter)
Derived from √kṛ (to do) + suffix -man
Root: kṛ (class 8)
तम् (tam) - him, that
(pronoun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Demonstrative pronoun
आहुः (āhuḥ) - they call, they say, they declare
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of brū
Perfect tense, Parasmaipada (irregular)
Irregular perfect tense form (often functions as present in classical Sanskrit)
Root: brū (class 2)
Note: The perfect āhuḥ acts as a present tense verb 'they say' or 'they call' in context.
पण्डितम् (paṇḍitam) - learned, wise, a sage, a scholar
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of paṇḍita
paṇḍita - learned, wise, skilled, a scholar, a sage
Derived from paṇḍā (knowledge) + -ita
बुधाः (budhāḥ) - the wise ones, enlightened persons, scholars
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of budha
budha - wise, intelligent, learned, a wise man, a sage
From √budh (to know)
Root: budh (class 1)