भगवद्गीता
bhagavad-gītā
-
chapter-4, verse-34
तद्विद्धि प्रणिपातेन परिप्रश्नेन सेवया ।
उपदेक्ष्यन्ति ते ज्ञानं ज्ञानिनस्तत्त्वदर्शिनः ॥३४॥
उपदेक्ष्यन्ति ते ज्ञानं ज्ञानिनस्तत्त्वदर्शिनः ॥३४॥
34. tadviddhi praṇipātena paripraśnena sevayā ,
upadekṣyanti te jñānaṁ jñāninastattvadarśinaḥ.
upadekṣyanti te jñānaṁ jñāninastattvadarśinaḥ.
34.
tat viddhi praṇipātena paripraśnena sevayā
upadekṣyanti te jñānam jñāninaḥ tattvadarśinaḥ
upadekṣyanti te jñānam jñāninaḥ tattvadarśinaḥ
34.
praṇipātena paripraśnena sevayā tat viddhi
jñāninaḥ tattvadarśinaḥ te jñānam upadekṣyanti
jñāninaḥ tattvadarśinaḥ te jñānam upadekṣyanti
34.
Understand that (knowledge) by approaching spiritual teachers with reverence (praṇipāta), by humble inquiry (paripraśna), and by sincere service (sevā). Those who are wise (jñānin) and have realized the truth (tattvadarśin) will instruct you in that knowledge (jñāna).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- तत् (tat) - that (knowledge, implied from previous verse and 'jñānam' in this verse) (that, therefore)
- विद्धि (viddhi) - understand (know, understand)
- प्रणिपातेन (praṇipātena) - by approaching spiritual teachers with reverence (praṇipāta) (by prostration, by humble salutation, by bowing down)
- परिप्रश्नेन (paripraśnena) - by humble inquiry (by repeated inquiry, by humble questioning)
- सेवया (sevayā) - by sincere service (sevā) (by service, by attendance)
- उपदेक्ष्यन्ति (upadekṣyanti) - will instruct (they will instruct, they will teach)
- ते (te) - to you (to you, your)
- ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - knowledge (jñāna) (knowledge)
- ज्ञानिनः (jñāninaḥ) - those who are wise (jñānin) (the knowers, the wise)
- तत्त्वदर्शिनः (tattvadarśinaḥ) - and have realized the truth (tattva) (seers of truth, perceivers of reality)
Words meanings and morphology
तत् (tat) - that (knowledge, implied from previous verse and 'jñānam' in this verse) (that, therefore)
(pronoun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Refers to the knowledge mentioned previously.
विद्धि (viddhi) - understand (know, understand)
(verb)
2nd person , singular, active, imperative (lot) of vid
Second Person Singular Imperative Active
From root 'vid' (to know). Irregular imperative form.
Root: vid (class 2)
Note: Addressed to Arjuna.
प्रणिपातेन (praṇipātena) - by approaching spiritual teachers with reverence (praṇipāta) (by prostration, by humble salutation, by bowing down)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of praṇipāta
praṇipāta - prostration, falling at feet, humble salutation, reverence
From prefix 'pra' + 'ni' + root 'pat' (to fall).
Prefixes: pra+ni
Root: pat (class 1)
Note: Indicates the means of gaining knowledge.
परिप्रश्नेन (paripraśnena) - by humble inquiry (by repeated inquiry, by humble questioning)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of paripraśna
paripraśna - thorough inquiry, repeated questioning, humble question
From prefix 'pari' + 'praśna' (question).
Compound type : tatpurusha (pari+praśna)
- pari – around, completely, fully, thoroughly
indeclinable
Preposition/prefix indicating completeness or surrounding. - praśna – question, inquiry
noun (masculine)
From prefix 'pra' + root 'prach' (to ask).
Prefix: pra
Root: prach (class 6)
Note: Indicates the means of gaining knowledge.
सेवया (sevayā) - by sincere service (sevā) (by service, by attendance)
(noun)
Instrumental, feminine, singular of sevā
sevā - service, worship, attendance
From root 'sev' (to serve, to attend).
Root: sev (class 1)
Note: Indicates the means of gaining knowledge.
उपदेक्ष्यन्ति (upadekṣyanti) - will instruct (they will instruct, they will teach)
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, future (lṛṭ) of upadiś
Third Person Plural Future Active
From prefix 'upa' + root 'diś' (to point, to show).
Prefix: upa
Root: diś (class 6)
Note: Subject is 'jñāninaḥ tattvadarśinaḥ'.
ते (te) - to you (to you, your)
(pronoun)
Dative, singular of yuṣmad
yuṣmad - you (pronoun)
Enclitic form of the second person pronoun.
ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - knowledge (jñāna) (knowledge)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of jñāna
jñāna - knowledge, wisdom, understanding
From root 'jñā' (to know).
Root: jñā (class 9)
Note: Object of 'upadekṣyanti'.
ज्ञानिनः (jñāninaḥ) - those who are wise (jñānin) (the knowers, the wise)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of jñānin
jñānin - knower, wise person, one who possesses knowledge
From 'jñāna' (knowledge) + suffix '-in'.
Root: jñā (class 9)
Note: Subject of 'upadekṣyanti'.
तत्त्वदर्शिनः (tattvadarśinaḥ) - and have realized the truth (tattva) (seers of truth, perceivers of reality)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of tattvadarśin
tattvadarśin - one who sees the truth/reality, a seer of truth
Compound of 'tattva' (truth, reality) + 'darśin' (one who sees).
Compound type : tatpurusha (tattva+darśin)
- tattva – truth, reality, essential nature, principle
noun (neuter)
From 'tad' (that) + 'tva' (abstract suffix). - darśin – one who sees, viewer, perceiver
adjective (masculine)
Agent noun/adjective from root 'dṛś'
Derived from root 'dṛś' (to see) with suffix '-in'.
Root: dṛś (class 1)
Note: Agrees with 'jñāninaḥ'.