भगवद्गीता
bhagavad-gītā
-
chapter-4, verse-20
त्यक्त्वा कर्मफलासङ्गं नित्यतृप्तो निराश्रयः ।
कर्मण्यभिप्रवृत्तोऽपि नैव किंचित्करोति सः ॥२०॥
कर्मण्यभिप्रवृत्तोऽपि नैव किंचित्करोति सः ॥२०॥
20. tyaktvā karmaphalāsaṅgaṁ nityatṛpto nirāśrayaḥ ,
karmaṇyabhipravṛtto'pi naiva kiṁcitkaroti saḥ.
karmaṇyabhipravṛtto'pi naiva kiṁcitkaroti saḥ.
20.
tyaktvā karmaphalāsaṅgam nityatṛptaḥ nirāśrayaḥ |
karmaṇi abhipravṛttaḥ api na eva kiñcit karoti saḥ
karmaṇi abhipravṛttaḥ api na eva kiñcit karoti saḥ
20.
saḥ karmaphalāsaṅgam tyaktvā,
nityatṛptaḥ,
nirāśrayaḥ (san),
karmaṇi abhipravṛttaḥ api eva kiñcit na karoti.
nityatṛptaḥ,
nirāśrayaḥ (san),
karmaṇi abhipravṛttaḥ api eva kiñcit na karoti.
20.
Having relinquished all attachment to the fruits of his actions (karma), ever-content and free from all dependence, such a person, even though fully engaged in performing actions (karma), truly does nothing at all.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having given up
- कर्मफलासङ्गम् (karmaphalāsaṅgam) - attachment to the fruits of action (karma)
- नित्यतृप्तः (nityatṛptaḥ) - eternally content, ever-satisfied
- निराश्रयः (nirāśrayaḥ) - without support, independent, homeless
- कर्मणि (karmaṇi) - in action, in a deed, in a work
- अभिप्रवृत्तः (abhipravṛttaḥ) - fully engaged, devoted to, intensely involved
- अपि (api) - even, although, too
- न (na) - not, no
- एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, just
- किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - anything, something, little
- करोति (karoti) - does, performs, makes
- सः (saḥ) - he, that
Words meanings and morphology
त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having given up
(indeclinable)
Absolutive (gerund)
Formed from √tyaj (to abandon) with suffix -tvā
Root: tyaj (class 1)
कर्मफलासङ्गम् (karmaphalāsaṅgam) - attachment to the fruits of action (karma)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of karmaphalāsaṅga
karmaphalāsaṅga - attachment to the fruits of action
Compound noun
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (karmaṇ+phala+āsaṅga)
- karmaṇ – action, deed, work, destiny
noun (neuter)
Derived from √kṛ (to do) + suffix -man
Root: kṛ (class 8) - phala – fruit, result, consequence, reward
noun (neuter) - āsaṅga – attachment, clinging, addiction, close contact
noun (masculine)
Derived from ā-√sañj (to cling to)
Prefix: ā
Root: sañj (class 1)
नित्यतृप्तः (nityatṛptaḥ) - eternally content, ever-satisfied
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of nityatṛpta
nityatṛpta - eternally satisfied, ever-content
Compound adjective
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nitya+tṛpta)
- nitya – eternal, constant, perpetual, regular
adjective (masculine) - tṛpta – satisfied, content, gratified
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From √tṛp (to be satisfied) with suffix -ta
Root: tṛp (class 4)
निराश्रयः (nirāśrayaḥ) - without support, independent, homeless
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of nirāśraya
nirāśraya - without support, independent, having no refuge, homeless
Compound adjective
Compound type : bahuvrihi (nis+āśraya)
- nis – without, out, free from
indeclinable
Negative/privative prefix - āśraya – support, refuge, shelter, abode, dependence
noun (masculine)
Derived from ā-√śri (to resort to, to depend on)
Prefix: ā
Root: śri (class 1)
कर्मणि (karmaṇi) - in action, in a deed, in a work
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of karmaṇ
karmaṇ - action, deed, work, religious rite, destiny
Derived from √kṛ (to do) + suffix -man
Root: kṛ (class 8)
अभिप्रवृत्तः (abhipravṛttaḥ) - fully engaged, devoted to, intensely involved
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of abhipravṛtta
abhipravṛtta - thoroughly engaged, intensely devoted, occupied with
Past Passive Participle
From abhi-pra-√vṛt (to engage, to proceed) with suffix -ta
Prefixes: abhi+pra
Root: vṛt (class 1)
अपि (api) - even, although, too
(indeclinable)
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, just
(indeclinable)
Note: Often used for emphasis.
किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - anything, something, little
(pronoun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of kiñcid
kiñcid - anything, something, a little, whatsoever
From kim (what) + cit (an emphatic or indefinite particle)
करोति (karoti) - does, performs, makes
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of kṛ
Present tense, Parasmaipada
Present 3rd singular of class 8 root kṛ
Root: kṛ (class 8)
सः (saḥ) - he, that
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Demonstrative pronoun