भगवद्गीता
bhagavad-gītā
-
chapter-4, verse-13
चातुर्वर्ण्यं मया सृष्टं गुणकर्मविभागशः ।
तस्य कर्तारमपि मां विद्ध्यकर्तारमव्ययम् ॥१३॥
तस्य कर्तारमपि मां विद्ध्यकर्तारमव्ययम् ॥१३॥
13. cāturvarṇyaṁ mayā sṛṣṭaṁ guṇakarmavibhāgaśaḥ ,
tasya kartāramapi māṁ viddhyakartāramavyayam.
tasya kartāramapi māṁ viddhyakartāramavyayam.
13.
cāturvarṇyam mayā sṛṣṭam guṇakarmavibhāgaśaḥ
tasya kartāram api mām viddhi akartāram avyayam
tasya kartāram api mām viddhi akartāram avyayam
13.
mayā guṇakarmavibhāgaśaḥ cāturvarṇyam sṛṣṭam
tasya kartāram api mām akartāram avyayam viddhi
tasya kartāram api mām akartāram avyayam viddhi
13.
The fourfold social order (cāturvarṇyam) was created by Me, based on the divisions of qualities (guṇa) and actions (karma). Know Me, the creator of it, to be nonetheless the non-doer and the imperishable.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- चातुर्वर्ण्यम् (cāturvarṇyam) - the system of four social orders, the fourfold class system
- मया (mayā) - by me
- सृष्टम् (sṛṣṭam) - created, produced
- गुणकर्मविभागशः (guṇakarmavibhāgaśaḥ) - according to the division of qualities (guṇa) and actions (karma)
- तस्य (tasya) - of that, its
- कर्तारम् (kartāram) - the creator, the doer
- अपि (api) - even, also, although
- माम् (mām) - Me
- विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand
- अकर्तारम् (akartāram) - the non-doer, non-creator
- अव्ययम् (avyayam) - the imperishable, immutable
Words meanings and morphology
चातुर्वर्ण्यम् (cāturvarṇyam) - the system of four social orders, the fourfold class system
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of cāturvarṇya
cāturvarṇya - the system of four social orders, the four classes/varṇas
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (catur+varṇa)
- catur – four
numeral - varṇa – color, class, social order
noun (masculine)
मया (mayā) - by me
(pronoun)
Instrumental, singular of aham
aham - I
सृष्टम् (sṛṣṭam) - created, produced
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of sṛṣṭa
sṛṣṭa - created, produced, released
Past Passive Participle
from root sṛj (to create, emit)
Root: sṛj (class 6)
गुणकर्मविभागशः (guṇakarmavibhāgaśaḥ) - according to the division of qualities (guṇa) and actions (karma)
(indeclinable)
suffix -śas meaning 'by way of, according to'
Compound type : tatpurusha (guṇa+karma+vibhāga)
- guṇa – quality, attribute, constituent of nature
noun (masculine) - karma – action, deed, work
noun (neuter)
Root: kṛ (class 8) - vibhāga – division, distinction, distribution
noun (masculine)
Prefix: vi
Root: bhaj (class 1)
तस्य (tasya) - of that, its
(pronoun)
Genitive, neuter, singular of tad
tad - that, it
कर्तारम् (kartāram) - the creator, the doer
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of kartṛ
kartṛ - doer, maker, creator, agent
Agent Noun
from root kṛ + tṛ(c)
Root: kṛ (class 8)
अपि (api) - even, also, although
(indeclinable)
माम् (mām) - Me
(pronoun)
Accusative, singular of aham
aham - I
विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand
(verb)
2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of viddhi
Imperative Mood
2nd person, singular, active voice
Root: vid (class 2)
अकर्तारम् (akartāram) - the non-doer, non-creator
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of akartṛ
akartṛ - non-doer, not an agent, non-creator
negative prefix a- added to kartṛ
Compound type : tatpurusha (a+kartṛ)
- a – not, non-
indeclinable - kartṛ – doer, maker, creator
noun (masculine)
Agent Noun
from root kṛ + tṛ(c)
Root: kṛ (class 8)
अव्ययम् (avyayam) - the imperishable, immutable
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of avyaya
avyaya - imperishable, immutable, inexhaustible
negative prefix a- added to vyaya (perishable, destructible)
Compound type : tatpurusha (a+vyaya)
- a – not, non-
indeclinable - vyaya – expenditure, destruction, perishable
noun (masculine)
Prefix: vi
Root: i (class 2)