भगवद्गीता
bhagavad-gītā
-
chapter-4, verse-28
द्रव्ययज्ञास्तपोयज्ञा योगयज्ञास्तथापरे ।
स्वाध्यायज्ञानयज्ञाश्च यतयः संशितव्रताः ॥२८॥
स्वाध्यायज्ञानयज्ञाश्च यतयः संशितव्रताः ॥२८॥
28. dravyayajñāstapoyajñā yogayajñāstathāpare ,
svādhyāyajñānayajñāśca yatayaḥ saṁśitavratāḥ.
svādhyāyajñānayajñāśca yatayaḥ saṁśitavratāḥ.
28.
dravya-yajñāḥ tapo-yajñāḥ yoga-yajñāḥ tathā apare
svādhyāya-jñāna-yajñāḥ ca yatayaḥ saṃśita-vratāḥ
svādhyāya-jñāna-yajñāḥ ca yatayaḥ saṃśita-vratāḥ
28.
apare tathā dravya-yajñāḥ tapo-yajñāḥ yoga-yajñāḥ
ca saṃśita-vratāḥ yatayaḥ svādhyāya-jñāna-yajñāḥ
ca saṃśita-vratāḥ yatayaḥ svādhyāya-jñāna-yajñāḥ
28.
Moreover, others perform Vedic rituals (yajña) involving material possessions, Vedic rituals (yajña) of austerity (tapas), and similarly, Vedic rituals (yajña) of yoga (yoga). There are also ascetics (yatayaḥ) of strict vows who perform Vedic rituals (yajña) of scriptural study and knowledge.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- द्रव्य-यज्ञाः (dravya-yajñāḥ) - sacrifices (yajña) involving material possessions (sacrifices of wealth/substance, material sacrifices)
- तपो-यज्ञाः (tapo-yajñāḥ) - sacrifices (yajña) in the form of austerity (tapas) (sacrifices of austerity, ascetic sacrifices)
- योग-यज्ञाः (yoga-yajñāḥ) - sacrifices (yajña) in the form of spiritual discipline (yoga) (sacrifices of yoga, spiritual sacrifices)
- तथा (tathā) - and likewise, similarly (thus, so, in that manner, likewise, and)
- अपरे (apare) - still others (referring to practitioners) (others, some others)
- स्वाध्याय-ज्ञान-यज्ञाः (svādhyāya-jñāna-yajñāḥ) - sacrifices (yajña) in the form of scriptural study and spiritual knowledge (sacrifices of self-study and knowledge)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- यतयः (yatayaḥ) - ascetics (yatayaḥ) (ascetics, renunciates, those who strive)
- संशित-व्रताः (saṁśita-vratāḥ) - those with firm vows (of firm vows, whose vows are sharpened/firm)
Words meanings and morphology
द्रव्य-यज्ञाः (dravya-yajñāḥ) - sacrifices (yajña) involving material possessions (sacrifices of wealth/substance, material sacrifices)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of dravya-yajña
dravya-yajña - sacrifice of material things
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dravya+yajña)
- dravya – substance, wealth, material
noun (neuter)
Root: dru (class 1) - yajña – sacrifice, worship, offering
noun (masculine)
derived from root yaj-
Root: yaj (class 1)
Note: Refers to the performers of such sacrifices (agents) or the sacrifices themselves (actions).
तपो-यज्ञाः (tapo-yajñāḥ) - sacrifices (yajña) in the form of austerity (tapas) (sacrifices of austerity, ascetic sacrifices)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of tapas-yajña
tapas-yajña - sacrifice of austerity
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tapas+yajña)
- tapas – austerity, penance, heat
noun (neuter)
derived from root tap (to heat, to perform austerity)
Root: tap (class 1) - yajña – sacrifice, worship, offering
noun (masculine)
derived from root yaj-
Root: yaj (class 1)
Note: Refers to the performers of such sacrifices or the sacrifices themselves.
योग-यज्ञाः (yoga-yajñāḥ) - sacrifices (yajña) in the form of spiritual discipline (yoga) (sacrifices of yoga, spiritual sacrifices)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of yoga-yajña
yoga-yajña - sacrifice of yoga
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yoga+yajña)
- yoga – union, spiritual discipline
noun (masculine)
derived from root yuj (to join, unite)
Root: yuj (class 7) - yajña – sacrifice, worship, offering
noun (masculine)
derived from root yaj-
Root: yaj (class 1)
Note: Refers to the performers of such sacrifices or the sacrifices themselves.
तथा (tathā) - and likewise, similarly (thus, so, in that manner, likewise, and)
(indeclinable)
अपरे (apare) - still others (referring to practitioners) (others, some others)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of apara
apara - other, another, subsequent, inferior
स्वाध्याय-ज्ञान-यज्ञाः (svādhyāya-jñāna-yajñāḥ) - sacrifices (yajña) in the form of scriptural study and spiritual knowledge (sacrifices of self-study and knowledge)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of svādhyāya-jñāna-yajña
svādhyāya-jñāna-yajña - sacrifice of self-study and knowledge
Compound type : dvandva-tatpuruṣa (svādhyāya+jñāna+yajña)
- svādhyāya – self-study, recitation of Vedic texts
noun (masculine)
derived from root adhyā (to study) with prefix sva
Prefix: sva
Root: adhyā - jñāna – knowledge, wisdom
noun (neuter)
derived from root jñā (to know)
Root: jñā (class 9) - yajña – sacrifice, worship, offering
noun (masculine)
derived from root yaj-
Root: yaj (class 1)
Note: Refers to the performers of such sacrifices or the sacrifices themselves.
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
यतयः (yatayaḥ) - ascetics (yatayaḥ) (ascetics, renunciates, those who strive)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of yati
yati - ascetic, renunciate, one who strives
derived from root yat (to strive, to control)
Root: yat (class 1)
संशित-व्रताः (saṁśita-vratāḥ) - those with firm vows (of firm vows, whose vows are sharpened/firm)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃśita-vrata
saṁśita-vrata - one whose vows are firmly established, having strict vows
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saṃśita+vrata)
- saṃśita – sharpened, made firm, determined
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
from root śo (to sharpen) with prefix sam
Prefix: sam
Root: śo (class 4) - vrata – vow, religious observance, rule
noun (neuter)
Root: vṛ (class 1)
Note: Qualifies 'yatayaḥ'.