योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-184, verse-40

तापस उवाच ।
अपूर्वं दृश्यते सर्वं स्वप्ने स्वमरणं यथा ।
प्राग्दृष्टं दृष्टमित्येव तत्रैवाभ्यासतः स्मृतिः ॥ ४० ॥

tāpasa uvāca ,
apūrvaṃ dṛśyate sarvaṃ svapne svamaraṇaṃ yathā ,
prāgdṛṣṭaṃ dṛṣṭamityeva tatraivābhyāsataḥ smṛtiḥ 40

40. tāpasaḥ uvāca apūrvam dṛśyate sarvam svapne svamaraṇam
yathā prāgdṛṣṭam dṛṣṭam iti eva tatra eva abhyāsataḥ smṛtiḥ

40. tāpasaḥ uvāca yathā svapne svamaraṇam
dṛśyate (tat) apūrvam sarvam
dṛśyate prāgdṛṣṭam dṛṣṭam iti eva
tatra eva abhyāsataḥ smṛtiḥ (jāyate)

40. The ascetic said: 'Everything appears unprecedented, just as one's own death is seen in a dream. The memory (smṛti) that something has been "seen before" arises solely from repeated experience within that very context.'

Words meanings summery:

• तापसः (tāpasaḥ) - The ascetic (ascetic, hermit)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अपूर्वम् (apūrvam) - unprecedented, new, not existed before

• दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen, appears

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - everything (all, everything)

• स्वप्ने (svapne) - in a dream

• स्वमरणम् (svamaraṇam) - one's own death

• यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, as, like)

• प्राग्दृष्टम् (prāgdṛṣṭam) - what was seen before, previously seen

• दृष्टम् (dṛṣṭam) - is seen (seen, perceived)

• इति (iti) - that (indicating the content of the memory) (thus, so, indicating direct speech or thought)

• एव (eva) - only, indeed (only, merely, indeed)

• तत्र (tatra) - in that (context/experience) (there, in that)

• अभ्यासतः (abhyāsataḥ) - due to repeated experience (from practice, from repetition, by habit)

• स्मृतिः (smṛtiḥ) - memory (smṛti)

Words meanings and morphology

तापसः (tāpasaḥ) - The ascetic (ascetic, hermit)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tāpasa

tāpasa - ascetic, hermit, one who performs tapas (tapas)

From tapas with suffix aṇ.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect tense

Perfect tense, third person singular, active voice of root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

अपूर्वम् (apūrvam) - unprecedented, new, not existed before

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of apūrva

apūrva - not having existed before, new, unprecedented

Negation of pūrva (before).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+pūrva)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• pūrva – before, prior, former
  adjective

दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen, appears

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of dṛś

passive present stem

Present tense, third person singular, passive voice of root dṛś.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

सर्वम् (sarvam) - everything (all, everything)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

स्वप्ने (svapne) - in a dream

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of svapna

svapna - dream, sleep

From root svap (to sleep).

Root: svap (class 2)

स्वमरणम् (svamaraṇam) - one's own death

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of svamaraṇa

svamaraṇa - one's own death, self-killing

Compound of sva (own) and maraṇa (death).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+maraṇa)

• sva – own, self
  pronoun/adjective
• maraṇa – death, dying
  noun (neuter)
  From mṛ (to die)
  Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Functions as the subject of the implied verb 'is seen' or object if dṛśyate is used impersonally.

यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, as, like)

(indeclinable)

प्राग्दृष्टम् (prāgdṛṣṭam) - what was seen before, previously seen

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prāgdṛṣṭa

prāgdṛṣṭa - previously seen

Past Passive Participle

From prāk (before) + root dṛś (to see) + kta suffix.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (prāk+dṛṣṭa)

• prāk – before, formerly, eastward
  indeclinable
• dṛṣṭa – seen, perceived
  participle (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dṛś (to see)
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Substantivized participle.

दृष्टम् (dṛṣṭam) - is seen (seen, perceived)

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dṛṣṭa

dṛṣṭa - seen, perceived, observed

Past Passive Participle

From root dṛś (to see) with suffix kta.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Predicate participle.

इति (iti) - that (indicating the content of the memory) (thus, so, indicating direct speech or thought)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

एव (eva) - only, indeed (only, merely, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

Note: Appears twice in the sentence for emphasis.

तत्र (tatra) - in that (context/experience) (there, in that)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of place, from tad with suffix tral.

अभ्यासतः (abhyāsataḥ) - due to repeated experience (from practice, from repetition, by habit)

(indeclinable)

From abhi + ās (to sit near/repeat) + ghañ suffix.

Prefix: abhi

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: Functions as an adverbial ablative.

स्मृतिः (smṛtiḥ) - memory (smṛti)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of smṛti

smṛti - memory, recollection, tradition

From root smṛ (to remember).

Root: smṛ (class 1)