योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-184, verse-1

कुन्ददन्त उवाच ।
इत्युक्तवानसौ पृष्टः कदम्बतलतापसः ।
सप्तद्वीपा भुवोऽष्टौ ताः कथं भाता गृहेष्विति ॥ १ ॥

kundadanta uvāca ,
ityuktavānasau pṛṣṭaḥ kadambatalatāpasaḥ ,
saptadvīpā bhuvo'ṣṭau tāḥ kathaṃ bhātā gṛheṣviti 1

1. kundadantaḥ uvāca iti uktavān asau pṛṣṭaḥ kadambatalatāpasaḥ
saptadvīpāḥ bhuvaḥ aṣṭau tāḥ kathaṃ bhātāḥ gṛheṣu iti

1. kundadantaḥ uvāca.
asau kadambatalatāpasaḥ pṛṣṭaḥ.
iti uktavān (praśnaḥ): "tāḥ saptadvīpāḥ aṣṭau bhuvaḥ (pradeśāḥ) gṛheṣu kathaṃ bhātāḥ iti?"

1. Kundadanta said: Having been thus questioned, the ascetic under the Kadamba tree was asked: "How can those eight seven-islanded regions of the earth appear within houses?"

Words meanings summery:

• कुन्ददन्तः (kundadantaḥ) - The proper name of the speaker, Kundadanta (Kundadanta)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• इति (iti) - Introduces a direct or indirect quotation or conclusion. (thus, so, in this way)

• उक्तवान् (uktavān) - Refers to the act of uttering the question that follows, implying 'having been spoken (the question)'. (having spoken, one who has spoken)

• असौ (asau) - Refers to 'the ascetic under the Kadamba tree'. (that one, he, she, it)

• पृष्टः (pṛṣṭaḥ) - The ascetic was questioned. (asked, questioned)

• कदम्बतलतापसः (kadambatalatāpasaḥ) - The specific ascetic being questioned. (ascetic under a Kadamba creeper/tree)

• सप्तद्वीपाः (saptadvīpāḥ) - Describes the regions of the earth. (seven-islanded, having seven islands/continents)

• भुवः (bhuvaḥ) - Indicates possession or relation: 'regions of the earth'. (of the earth)

• अष्टौ (aṣṭau) - Refers to the eight regions or divisions of the earth. (eight)

• ताः (tāḥ) - Refers to the 'eight seven-islanded regions' of the earth. (those, they)

• कथं (kathaṁ) - An interrogative adverb asking about the way something occurs. (how? in what manner?)

• भाताः (bhātāḥ) - How do they (the regions) appear or become manifest? (appeared, shone, manifested)

• गृहेषु (gṛheṣu) - Refers to the perception of vast regions within confined spaces. (in houses, in homes)

• इति (iti) - Marks the end of the question. (thus, so, in this way)

Words meanings and morphology

कुन्ददन्तः (kundadantaḥ) - The proper name of the speaker, Kundadanta (Kundadanta)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kundadanta

kundadanta - having teeth like jasmine buds; name of a sage

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Tense (Liṭ Lakāra)

Root `vac` takes `uvāca` form in the perfect tense (3rd person singular active).

Root: vac (class 2)

इति (iti) - Introduces a direct or indirect quotation or conclusion. (thus, so, in this way)

(indeclinable)

उक्तवान् (uktavān) - Refers to the act of uttering the question that follows, implying 'having been spoken (the question)'. (having spoken, one who has spoken)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uktavat

uktavat - having spoken, one who spoke

Past Active Participle (ktavatū pratyaya)

Derived from root `vac` ('to speak') and suffix `ktavatū`.

Root: vac (class 2)

असौ (asau) - Refers to 'the ascetic under the Kadamba tree'. (that one, he, she, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, that one (farther away)

पृष्टः (pṛṣṭaḥ) - The ascetic was questioned. (asked, questioned)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pṛṣṭa

pṛṣṭa - asked, questioned, interrogated

Past Passive Participle (kta pratyaya)

Derived from root `prach` ('to ask') and suffix `kta`.

Root: prach (class 6)

कदम्बतलतापसः (kadambatalatāpasaḥ) - The specific ascetic being questioned. (ascetic under a Kadamba creeper/tree)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kadambatalatāpasa

kadambatalatāpasa - an ascetic residing under a Kadamba tree/creeper

Compound type : tatpurusha (kadamba+latā+tāpasa)

• kadamba – Kadamba tree (Neolamarckia cadamba)
  noun (masculine)
• latā – creeper, vine
  noun (feminine)
• tāpasa – ascetic, hermit
  noun (masculine)
  Root: tap (class 1)

सप्तद्वीपाः (saptadvīpāḥ) - Describes the regions of the earth. (seven-islanded, having seven islands/continents)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of saptadvīpa

saptadvīpa - having seven islands/continents

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sapta+dvīpa)

• sapta – seven
  numeral
• dvīpa – island, continent
  noun (masculine)

भुवः (bhuvaḥ) - Indicates possession or relation: 'regions of the earth'. (of the earth)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of bhū

bhū - earth, land, ground

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Could also be nominative plural 'earths', but genitive singular 'of the earth' fits the context better with 'regions' implied.

अष्टौ (aṣṭau) - Refers to the eight regions or divisions of the earth. (eight)

(numeral)

ताः (tāḥ) - Refers to the 'eight seven-islanded regions' of the earth. (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

कथं (kathaṁ) - An interrogative adverb asking about the way something occurs. (how? in what manner?)

(indeclinable)

भाताः (bhātāḥ) - How do they (the regions) appear or become manifest? (appeared, shone, manifested)

(participle)

Nominative, feminine, plural of bhāta

bhāta - shining, appearing, manifested, bright

Past Passive Participle (kta pratyaya)

Derived from root `bhā` ('to shine') and suffix `kta`.

Root: bhā (class 2)

गृहेषु (gṛheṣu) - Refers to the perception of vast regions within confined spaces. (in houses, in homes)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of gṛha

gṛha - house, home, dwelling

इति (iti) - Marks the end of the question. (thus, so, in this way)

(indeclinable)