योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-51, verse-31

कदर्थः प्राप्य विज्ञानं ततश्चित्राभिरुक्तिभिः ।
चिरकालमसौ तत्र मुनिः पुत्रमबोधयत् ॥ ३१ ॥

kadarthaḥ prāpya vijñānaṃ tataścitrābhiruktibhiḥ ,
cirakālamasau tatra muniḥ putramabodhayat 31

31. kadarthaḥ prāpya vijñānam tataḥ citrābhiḥ uktibhiḥ
cirakālam asau tatra muniḥ putram abodhayat

31. asau muniḥ tatra kadarthaḥ vijñānam prāpya tataḥ
citrābhiḥ uktibhiḥ cirakālam putram abodhayat

31. The sage, for whom the task was difficult (kadartha), having acquired the necessary knowledge, then, with diverse teachings, for a long time, enlightened his son there.

Words meanings summery:

• कदर्थः (kadarthaḥ) - (for whom the task was) difficult (difficult purpose, worthless object, meaning difficult to grasp)

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - having acquired (for the purpose of teaching) (having obtained, having reached, having acquired)

• विज्ञानम् (vijñānam) - knowledge (specific and applicable for teaching) (specific knowledge, science, wisdom, understanding)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon (then, thence, from that)

• चित्राभिः (citrābhiḥ) - with diverse (by various, by diverse, by wonderful (feminine))

• उक्तिभिः (uktibhiḥ) - with teachings (by sayings, by speeches, by teachings)

• चिरकालम् (cirakālam) - for a long time (for a long time, for a long period)

• असौ (asau) - that (sage) (that (person), he)

• तत्र (tatra) - there (at the hermitage) (there, in that place)

• मुनिः (muniḥ) - the sage (sage, ascetic)

• पुत्रम् (putram) - his son (son)

• अबोधयत् (abodhayat) - he enlightened, he taught (he enlightened, he taught, he awakened)

Words meanings and morphology

कदर्थः (kadarthaḥ) - (for whom the task was) difficult (difficult purpose, worthless object, meaning difficult to grasp)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kadartha

kadartha - worthless object, difficult purpose, misapplication, having an absurd meaning

`ku` (bad/difficult) + `artha` (purpose/meaning/object). Here, likely a bahuvrīhi describing the sage as 'one for whom the purpose/task (of teaching) is difficult'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ku+artha)

• ku – bad, evil, difficult, contemptible (prefix)
  indeclinable
• artha – purpose, meaning, object, wealth, thing
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Refers to the sage and the difficulty of his task.

प्राप्य (prāpya) - having acquired (for the purpose of teaching) (having obtained, having reached, having acquired)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund (prefix `pra-` + root `āp` + suffix `lyaP`)

Formed from root `āp` with prefix `pra-`.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

विज्ञानम् (vijñānam) - knowledge (specific and applicable for teaching) (specific knowledge, science, wisdom, understanding)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vijñāna

vijñāna - knowledge, wisdom, understanding, science, discernment

From root `jñā` with prefix `vi-`.

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon (then, thence, from that)

(indeclinable)

Derived from `tad` with suffix `tas`.

चित्राभिः (citrābhiḥ) - with diverse (by various, by diverse, by wonderful (feminine))

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of citrā

citrā - various, diverse, wonderful, bright, variegated

Instrumental plural feminine of `citra`.

Root: cit (class 1)

उक्तिभिः (uktibhiḥ) - with teachings (by sayings, by speeches, by teachings)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of ukti

ukti - saying, speech, teaching, expression, statement

From root `vac` (to speak) with suffix `kti`.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Denotes the means of instruction.

चिरकालम् (cirakālam) - for a long time (for a long time, for a long period)

(indeclinable)

`cira` (long) + `kāla` (time). Accusative used adverbially.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (cira+kāla)

• cira – long (duration), lasting, ancient
  adjective
• kāla – time, period, season
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverbial usage.

असौ (asau) - that (sage) (that (person), he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, he, she, it (remote demonstrative)

Nominative singular masculine of `adas`.

Note: Subject of `abodhayat`.

तत्र (tatra) - there (at the hermitage) (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Derived from `tad` with suffix `tra`.

मुनिः (muniḥ) - the sage (sage, ascetic)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, saint, inspired one

Root: man (class 4)

पुत्रम् (putram) - his son (son)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child, offspring

अबोधयत् (abodhayat) - he enlightened, he taught (he enlightened, he taught, he awakened)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bodhay

imperfect past

Imperfect 3rd singular active from causative stem of `budh` (to know, awaken).

Root: budh (class 1)