योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-51, verse-28

ज्ञानं त्वमेवास्य विभो कृपयोपदिशाधुना ।
को हि नाम कुले जातं पुत्रं मौर्ख्येण योजयेत् ॥ २८ ॥

jñānaṃ tvamevāsya vibho kṛpayopadiśādhunā ,
ko hi nāma kule jātaṃ putraṃ maurkhyeṇa yojayet 28

28. jñānam tvam eva asya vibho kṛpayā upadiśa adhunā
kaḥ hi nāma kule jātam putram maurkṣyeṇa yojayet

28. vibho tvam eva asya jñānam kṛpayā adhunā upadiśa
hi kaḥ nāma kule jātam putram maurkṣyeṇa yojayet

28. O all-pervading lord, you alone should now, out of compassion, impart knowledge to him. For who, indeed, would associate a son born into a good family with foolishness?

Words meanings summery:

• ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - knowledge (knowledge, wisdom, understanding)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (referring to the sage) (you)

• एव (eva) - alone, indeed (only, just, indeed)

• अस्य (asya) - to him (referring to the son) (of him, to him, for him)

• विभो (vibho) - O lord (addressing the sage) (O all-pervading, O powerful one, O lord)

• कृपया (kṛpayā) - out of compassion (by compassion, with kindness)

• उपदिश (upadiśa) - instruct, impart (instruct, teach, show)

• अधुना (adhunā) - now (now, at this time)

• कः (kaḥ) - who (who, what)

• हि (hi) - for, indeed (for, indeed, because)

• नाम (nāma) - indeed (emphatic) (indeed, by name, actually)

• कुले (kule) - into a (good) family (in a family, in a lineage, in a house)

• जातम् (jātam) - born (born, produced, occurred)

• पुत्रम् (putram) - son

• मौर्क्ष्येण (maurkṣyeṇa) - with foolishness/ignorance (by foolishness, by ignorance)

• योजयेत् (yojayet) - would associate (allow to remain associated) (should join, should apply, should associate)

Words meanings and morphology

ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - knowledge (knowledge, wisdom, understanding)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jñāna

jñāna - knowledge, wisdom, understanding, realization

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Also accusative singular neuter. Here, nominative as the object of instruction (implicitly).

त्वम् (tvam) - you (referring to the sage) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

एव (eva) - alone, indeed (only, just, indeed)

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - to him (referring to the son) (of him, to him, for him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, he, she, it

Note: Can also be dative in some contexts (impart knowledge *to* him).

विभो (vibho) - O lord (addressing the sage) (O all-pervading, O powerful one, O lord)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vibhu

vibhu - all-pervading, powerful, lord, sovereign

Root: bhū (class 1)

कृपया (kṛpayā) - out of compassion (by compassion, with kindness)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of kṛpā

kṛpā - compassion, pity, mercy, kindness

Root: kḷp (class 1)

उपदिश (upadiśa) - instruct, impart (instruct, teach, show)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of upadiś

present imperative

formed from root `diś` with prefix `upa-`

Prefix: upa

Root: diś (class 6)

अधुना (adhunā) - now (now, at this time)

(indeclinable)

कः (kaḥ) - who (who, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

हि (hi) - for, indeed (for, indeed, because)

(indeclinable)

नाम (nāma) - indeed (emphatic) (indeed, by name, actually)

(indeclinable)

Note: Often used as an emphatic particle in questions or statements.

कुले (kule) - into a (good) family (in a family, in a lineage, in a house)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kula

kula - family, lineage, clan, house, community

जातम् (jātam) - born (born, produced, occurred)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, originated, occurred

Past Passive Participle

formed from root `jan` (to be born)

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Accusative singular masculine, agreeing with `putram`.

पुत्रम् (putram) - son

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child, offspring

मौर्क्ष्येण (maurkṣyeṇa) - with foolishness/ignorance (by foolishness, by ignorance)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of maurkṣya

maurkṣya - foolishness, ignorance, stupidity

derived from `mūrkha` (foolish)

योजयेत् (yojayet) - would associate (allow to remain associated) (should join, should apply, should associate)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of yuj

optative mood

formed from root `yuj` with causative suffix `-aya` and optative ending.

Root: yuj (class 7)

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