योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-109, verse-1

राजोवाच ।
तस्मिंस्तदा वर्तमाने कष्टे विधिविपर्यये ।
अकालोल्वणकल्पान्ते नितान्तं तापदायिनि ॥ १ ॥

rājovāca ,
tasmiṃstadā vartamāne kaṣṭe vidhiviparyaye ,
akālolvaṇakalpānte nitāntaṃ tāpadāyini 1

1. rājan uvāca tasmin tadā vartamāne kaṣṭe
vidhiviparyaye akālolvaṇakalpānte nitāntam tāpadāyini

1. rājan uvāca tadā tasmin kaṣṭe vidhiviparyaye
akālolvaṇakalpānte nitāntam tāpadāyini vartamāne

1. The King said: 'At that time, amidst that grievous reversal of destiny (vidhiviparyaya), which was like an untimely and terrible cosmic dissolution (kalpānta) and caused extreme suffering...'

Words meanings summery:

• राजन् (rājan) - king, ruler

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, in that situation

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - occurring, prevailing, being present

• कष्टे (kaṣṭe) - difficult, grievous, painful

• विधिविपर्यये (vidhiviparyaye) - grievous reversal of destiny (vidhiviparyaya) (reversal of rule/destiny, adverse fate)

• अकालोल्वणकल्पान्ते (akālolvaṇakalpānte) - like an untimely and terrible cosmic dissolution (kalpānta) (like an untimely, terrible cosmic dissolution)

• नितान्तम् (nitāntam) - extremely, excessively, completely

• तापदायिनि (tāpadāyini) - causing suffering, giving distress

Words meanings and morphology

राजन् (rājan) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign, ruler, chief

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Undo of sandhi 'o' in 'rājo' from 'rājan'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, active voice

Irregular perfect form of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, in that situation

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'kaṣṭe', 'vidhiviparyaye', 'akālolvaṇakalpānte', 'tāpadāyini'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Derived from pronominal stem 'tad'

वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - occurring, prevailing, being present

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of vartamāna

vartamāna - being, existing, present, current, happening

Present active participle

Derived from √vṛt (to turn, exist) with śānac suffix

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Describes 'vidhiviparyaya'.

कष्टे (kaṣṭe) - difficult, grievous, painful

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of kaṣṭa

kaṣṭa - painful, difficult, grievous, bad, evil

Past Passive Participle from √kaṣ (to trouble, rub)

Root: kaṣ (class 1)

Note: Describes 'vidhiviparyaye'.

विधिविपर्यये (vidhiviparyaye) - grievous reversal of destiny (vidhiviparyaya) (reversal of rule/destiny, adverse fate)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vidhiviparyaya

vidhiviparyaya - reversal of fate or destiny, change of fortune, adverse turn of events

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vidhi+viparyaya)

• vidhi – rule, law, ordinance, destiny, fate
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from vi-√dhā (to place, establish)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• viparyaya – inversion, reversal, contrary, error
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from vi-pari-√i (to go round, reverse)
  Prefixes: vi+pari
  Root: i (class 2)

अकालोल्वणकल्पान्ते (akālolvaṇakalpānte) - like an untimely and terrible cosmic dissolution (kalpānta) (like an untimely, terrible cosmic dissolution)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of akālolvaṇakalpānta

akālolvaṇakalpānta - an untimely and terrible end of a cosmic cycle

Compound type : karmadhāraya (akāla+ulvaṇa+kalpānta)

• akāla – untimely, out of season, wrong time
  adjective (masculine)
  Negation (nañ) + kāla (time)
• ulvaṇa – excessive, terrible, dreadful, powerful
  adjective (neuter)
• kalpānta – end of a world period, cosmic dissolution (kalpānta)
  noun (masculine)
  Compound: kalpa (world period) + anta (end)

Note: Describes 'vidhiviparyaye' by comparison or as an attribute.

नितान्तम् (nitāntam) - extremely, excessively, completely

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle from ni-√tan (to extend, pervade)

Prefix: ni

Root: tan (class 8)

Note: Modifies 'tāpadāyini'.

तापदायिनि (tāpadāyini) - causing suffering, giving distress

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of tāpadāyin

tāpadāyin - causing pain or suffering, afflicting, distressing

Compound: tāpa (suffering) + dāyin (giver/causer, from √dā)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tāpa+dāyin)

• tāpa – heat, pain, suffering, distress, fever
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from √tap (to heat, suffer)
  Root: tap (class 1)
• dāyin – giving, bestowing, causing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun / adjective
  From √dā (to give) with -in suffix
  Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Describes 'vidhiviparyaye'.