योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-1, chapter-26, verse-7

यमो निर्घृणराजेन्द्रो नार्तं नामानुकम्पते ।
सर्वभूतदयोदारो जनो दुर्लभतां गतः ॥ ७ ॥

yamo nirghṛṇarājendro nārtaṃ nāmānukampate ,
sarvabhūtadayodāro jano durlabhatāṃ gataḥ 7

7. yamaḥ nirghṛṇarājendraḥ na ārtam nāma anukampate
sarvabhūtadayodāraḥ janaḥ durlabhatām gataḥ

7. yamaḥ nirghṛṇarājendraḥ ārtam nāma na anukampate
sarvabhūtadayodāraḥ janaḥ durlabhatām gataḥ

7. Yama (Yamaḥ), the king of pitiless rulers, certainly does not pity the distressed. A person who is generous with compassion for all beings has become rare.

Words meanings summery:

• यमः (yamaḥ) - Yama (god of death and justice)

• निर्घृणराजेन्द्रः (nirghṛṇarājendraḥ) - king of pitiless rulers, pitiless king of kings

• न (na) - not, no

• आर्तम् (ārtam) - distressed one, suffering person

• नाम (nāma) - indeed, truly, by name (emphatic particle)

• अनुकम्पते (anukampate) - pities, feels compassion for, sympathizes with

• सर्वभूतदयोदारः (sarvabhūtadayodāraḥ) - generous with compassion for all beings

• जनः (janaḥ) - person, man, people

• दुर्लभताम् (durlabhatām) - rarity, state of being difficult to obtain

• गतः (gataḥ) - gone, reached, attained

Words meanings and morphology

यमः (yamaḥ) - Yama (god of death and justice)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yama

yama - Yama (the god of death, controller of self), restraint

From yam (to restrain)

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Subject.

निर्घृणराजेन्द्रः (nirghṛṇarājendraḥ) - king of pitiless rulers, pitiless king of kings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirghṛṇarājendra

nirghṛṇarājendra - the Indra (best/chief) among pitiless kings

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nirghṛṇa+rājan+indra)

• nirghṛṇa – pitiless, merciless, cruel
  adjective (masculine)
  nir (without) + ghṛṇā (pity)
  Prefix: nir
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• indra – Indra (chief of gods), chief, best
  noun (masculine)

Note: Appositive to 'yamaḥ'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb.

आर्तम् (ārtam) - distressed one, suffering person

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ārta

ārta - distressed, afflicted, suffering, in pain

Past Passive Participle

From root ṛ (to go, move) + kta, often with ā

Prefix: ā

Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'anukampate'.

नाम (nāma) - indeed, truly, by name (emphatic particle)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic.

अनुकम्पते (anukampate) - pities, feels compassion for, sympathizes with

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of anukampate

Present tense

From anu + kamp (to tremble)

Prefix: anu

Root: kamp (class 1)

सर्वभूतदयोदारः (sarvabhūtadayodāraḥ) - generous with compassion for all beings

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sarvabhūtadayodāra

sarvabhūtadayodāra - one who is generous with compassion for all beings

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+bhūta+dayā+udāra)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  pronoun (masculine)
• bhūta – being, creature
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From bhū (to be) + kta
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• dayā – compassion, pity, sympathy
  noun (feminine)
  From root day (to be kind)
  Root: day (class 1)
• udāra – generous, noble, exalted
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: ud

Note: Agrees with 'janaḥ'.

जनः (janaḥ) - person, man, people

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jana

jana - person, man, creature, folk

From root jan (to be born)

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject.

दुर्लभताम् (durlabhatām) - rarity, state of being difficult to obtain

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of durlabhatā

durlabhatā - difficulty of attainment, rarity

From durlabha (difficult to obtain) + tā (suffix for abstract noun)

Note: Object of 'gataḥ' (reached a state of).

गतः (gataḥ) - gone, reached, attained

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, departed, reached, attained

Past Passive Participle

From root gam (to go) + kta

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Acts as a verb in this context, 'has become'.

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