वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-84, verse-3

ते ऽर्दिता निशितैर्बाणैः क्रोशन्तो विप्रदुद्रुवुः ।
पावकार्चिःसमाविष्टा दह्यमाना यथा गजाः ॥३॥

3. te'rditā niśitairbāṇaiḥ krośanto vipradudruvuḥ ,
pāvakārciḥsamāviṣṭā dahyamānā yathā gajāḥ.

3. te arditāḥ niśitaiḥ bāṇaiḥ krośantaḥ vipradudruvuḥ
pāvakārcissamāviṣṭāḥ dahyamānāḥ yathā gajāḥ

3. te niśitaiḥ bāṇaiḥ arditāḥ krośantaḥ pāvakārcissamāviṣṭāḥ
dahyamānāḥ gajāḥ yathā vipradudruvuḥ

3. Tormented by sharp arrows, they cried out and fled in all directions, just like elephants burning when enveloped by flames.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - they, those

• अर्दिताः (arditāḥ) - afflicted, tormented, distressed

• निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - by sharp, by whetted

• बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - by arrows

• क्रोशन्तः (krośantaḥ) - crying out, screaming

• विप्रदुद्रुवुः (vipradudruvuḥ) - they fled in all directions, they scattered

• पावकार्चिस्समाविष्टाः (pāvakārcissamāviṣṭāḥ) - enveloped by fire-flames, engulfed in flames

• दह्यमानाः (dahyamānāḥ) - being burned, being consumed by fire

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like

• गजाः (gajāḥ) - elephants

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - they, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

अर्दिताः (arditāḥ) - afflicted, tormented, distressed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ardita

ardita - afflicted, tormented, pained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √ard (to pain, hurt) with suffix -ta.

Root: ard (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'te'.

निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - by sharp, by whetted

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of niśita

niśita - sharpened, keen, pointed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √śā (to sharpen) with prefix ni- and suffix -ta.

Prefix: ni

Root: śā (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'bāṇaiḥ'.

बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow

क्रोशन्तः (krośantaḥ) - crying out, screaming

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of krośant

krośant - crying, screaming, roaring

Present Active Participle

Derived from root √kruś (to cry, shout) with present participle suffix -at.

Root: kruś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'te'.

विप्रदुद्रुवुः (vipradudruvuḥ) - they fled in all directions, they scattered

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of dru

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural of √dru (to run) with prefixes vi-pra-.

Prefixes: vi+pra

Root: dru (class 1)

पावकार्चिस्समाविष्टाः (pāvakārcissamāviṣṭāḥ) - enveloped by fire-flames, engulfed in flames

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāvakārcissamāviṣṭa

pāvakārcissamāviṣṭa - enveloped by fire-flames

Compound type : tatpurusha (pāvaka+arciḥ+samāviṣṭa)

• pāvaka – fire, pure
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pū (class 1)
• arciḥ – flame, ray of light
  noun (feminine)
  Root: ṛc (class 1)
• samāviṣṭa – entered, occupied, enveloped, possessed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √viś (to enter) with prefixes sam-ā-.
  Prefixes: sam+ā
  Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Qualifies 'gajāḥ' and implicitly 'te'.

दह्यमानाः (dahyamānāḥ) - being burned, being consumed by fire

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dahyamāna

dahyamāna - burning, being burned

Present Passive Participle (ātmanepada)

Derived from root √dah (to burn) with present passive participle suffix -māna.

Root: dah (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'gajāḥ' and implicitly 'te'.

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the simile.

गजाः (gajāḥ) - elephants

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gaja

gaja - elephant

Note: Subject of the simile.