वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-84, verse-23

स तां शिलामापतन्तीं दृष्ट्वा राक्षसपुंगवः ।
अपक्रम्य सुविक्रान्तः खड्गेन प्राहरत्तदा ॥२३॥

23. sa tāṃ śilāmāpatantīṃ dṛṣṭvā rākṣasapuṃgavaḥ ,
apakramya suvikrāntaḥ khaḍgena prāharattadā.

23. sa tām śilām āpatantīm dṛṣṭvā rākṣasapuṅgavaḥ
apakramya suvikrāntaḥ khaḍgena prāharat tadā

23. rākṣasapuṅgavaḥ suvikrāntaḥ sa tām āpatantīm
śilām dṛṣṭvā apakramya tadā khaḍgena prāharat

23. Seeing that stone falling, the foremost of the rākṣasas, who was very valiant, moved aside and then struck with his sword.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he (referring to the rākṣasa) (he, that)

• ताम् (tām) - that, her

• शिलाम् (śilām) - stone, rock

• आपतन्तीम् (āpatantīm) - falling, descending, approaching

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• राक्षसपुङ्गवः (rākṣasapuṅgavaḥ) - foremost of rākṣasas, bull among rākṣasas, excellent rākṣasa

• अपक्रम्य (apakramya) - having stepped away, having moved aside

• सुविक्रान्तः (suvikrāntaḥ) - very valiant, mighty, powerful

• खड्गेन (khaḍgena) - with a sword

• प्राहरत् (prāharat) - he struck, he attacked

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he (referring to the rākṣasa) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Sandhi form of saḥ before consonants.

ताम् (tām) - that, her

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

शिलाम् (śilām) - stone, rock

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śilā

śilā - stone, rock, slab

आपतन्तीम् (āpatantīm) - falling, descending, approaching

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of āpatant

āpatant - falling, descending, approaching

Present Active Participle

Derived from ā-√pat (to fall upon, descend)

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies śilām.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from √dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

राक्षसपुङ्गवः (rākṣasapuṅgavaḥ) - foremost of rākṣasas, bull among rākṣasas, excellent rākṣasa

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rākṣasapuṅgava

rākṣasapuṅgava - best of rākṣasas, excellent rākṣasa

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (rākṣasa+puṅgava)

• rākṣasa – demon, ogre
  noun (masculine)
• puṅgava – bull, eminent, excellent
  noun (masculine)

अपक्रम्य (apakramya) - having stepped away, having moved aside

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from apa-√kram (to step away, depart)

Prefix: apa

Root: kram (class 1)

सुविक्रान्तः (suvikrāntaḥ) - very valiant, mighty, powerful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suvikrānta

suvikrānta - very valiant, mighty, strong, heroic

Past Passive Participle

Prefixed with 'su' (good, well, very) to 'vikrānta' (valiant, mighty); vikrānta is a PPP of vi-√kram.

Prefixes: su+vi

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Qualifies rākṣasapuṅgavaḥ.

खड्गेन (khaḍgena) - with a sword

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of khaḍga

khaḍga - sword, scimitar

प्राहरत् (prāharat) - he struck, he attacked

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of hṛ

Imperfect

3rd person singular, active voice, imperfect tense

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛ (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Formed from 'tad' (that) + suffix '-dā' (for time).