वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-75, verse-31

बलवृत्राविव हि तौ युधि वै दुष्प्रधर्षणौ ।
युयुधाते महात्मानौ तदा केसरिणाविव ॥३१॥

31. balavṛtrāviva hi tau yudhi vai duṣpradharṣaṇau ,
yuyudhāte mahātmānau tadā kesariṇāviva.

31. balavṛtrau iva hi tau yudhi vai duṣpradharṣaṇau
yuyudhāte mahātmānau tadā kesariṇau iva

31. hi tau balavṛtrau iva yudhi vai duṣpradharṣaṇau
tadā mahātmānau kesariṇau iva yuyudhāte

31. Indeed, those two were like Bala and Vṛtra in battle, certainly difficult to overpower. Then, those great-souled ones fought like two lions.

Words meanings summery:

• बलवृत्रौ (balavṛtrau) - The god Bala (brother of Indra) and the demon Vṛtra. (Bala and Vṛtra (names of two powerful figures, a god and a demon))

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• तौ (tau) - those two heroes being described (those two, them (masculine))

• युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in fight

• वै (vai) - indeed, verily, certainly

• दुष्प्रधर्षणौ (duṣpradharṣaṇau) - difficult to assault, unconquerable

• युयुधाते (yuyudhāte) - they fought

• महात्मानौ (mahātmānau) - great-souled ones, noble individuals

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• केसरिणौ (kesariṇau) - two lions

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

Words meanings and morphology

बलवृत्रौ (balavṛtrau) - The god Bala (brother of Indra) and the demon Vṛtra. (Bala and Vṛtra (names of two powerful figures, a god and a demon))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of balavṛtra

balavṛtra - Bala and Vṛtra (two mythological figures)

Dvanda compound of 'Bala' and 'Vṛtra'. Bala here refers to the brother of Indra, not strength.

Compound type : dvandva (bala+vṛtra)

• bala – Bala (a proper noun, a deity or powerful being)
  proper noun (masculine)
• vṛtra – Vṛtra (a Vedic demon)
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Dual masculine nominative form, referring to Bala and Vṛtra as a pair.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

तौ (tau) - those two heroes being described (those two, them (masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Dual masculine nominative form of the pronoun tad.

युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in fight

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, fight

Note: Locative singular form of the feminine noun yudh.

वै (vai) - indeed, verily, certainly

(indeclinable)

दुष्प्रधर्षणौ (duṣpradharṣaṇau) - difficult to assault, unconquerable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of duṣpradharṣaṇa

duṣpradharṣaṇa - difficult to assault, unconquerable, inviolable

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

Compound of 'dus' (bad, difficult) and 'pradharṣaṇa' (assaultable, assailable - derived from pra-√dhṛṣ).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dus+pradharṣaṇa)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating difficulty or badness.
• pradharṣaṇa – assaulting, assailable, attack
  adjective/noun
  Gerundive/Nomen Agentis
  Derived from the root √dhṛṣ (to be bold, to dare) with prefix pra-.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)

Note: Dual masculine nominative form of the adjective duṣpradharṣaṇa.

युयुधाते (yuyudhāte) - they fought

(verb)

3rd person , dual, middle, perfect (lit) of yudh

Perfect tense, middle voice, 3rd person dual.

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Perfect tense, 3rd person dual, middle voice of √yudh.

महात्मानौ (mahātmānau) - great-souled ones, noble individuals

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnificent, having a great self (ātman)

Compound of 'mahā' (great) and 'ātman' (self, soul).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Dual masculine nominative form of the noun mahātman.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

केसरिणौ (kesariṇau) - two lions

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of kesarin

kesarin - lion

Derived from 'kesara' (mane) with the suffix '-in' meaning 'possessing'.

Note: Dual masculine nominative form of the noun kesarin.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)