वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-5, verse-31

क्षरतश्च यथा मेघान् स्रवतश्च यथा गिरीन् ।
मेघस्तनितनिर्घोषान्दुर्धर्षान् समरे परैः ॥३१॥

31. kṣarataśca yathā meghān sravataśca yathā girīn ,
meghastanitanirghoṣāndurdharṣān samare paraiḥ.

31. kṣarataḥ ca yathā meghān sravataḥ ca yathā girīn
meghastanitanirghoṣān durdharṣān samare paraiḥ

31. kṣarataḥ ca yathā meghān sravataḥ ca yathā girīn
meghastanitanirghoṣān durdharṣān paraiḥ samare

31. They were like clouds dripping moisture and like mountains flowing with streams, possessing a roar like the thunder of clouds, and were irresistible to enemies in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• क्षरतः (kṣarataḥ) - dripping (moisture) (dripping, flowing, discharging)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• यथा (yathā) - like (as, like, in the manner of)

• मेघान् (meghān) - clouds

• स्रवतः (sravataḥ) - flowing (streams) (flowing, streaming)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• यथा (yathā) - like (as, like, in the manner of)

• गिरीन् (girīn) - mountains

• मेघस्तनितनिर्घोषान् (meghastanitanirghoṣān) - possessing a roar like the thunder of clouds (having roars like thunder of clouds)

• दुर्धर्षान् (durdharṣān) - irresistible (irresistible, unconquerable, difficult to overcome)

• समरे (samare) - in battle (in battle, in war)

• परैः (paraiḥ) - by enemies (by enemies, by others)

Words meanings and morphology

क्षरतः (kṣarataḥ) - dripping (moisture) (dripping, flowing, discharging)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kṣarat

kṣarat - dripping, flowing, leaking, discharging

Present Active Participle

Derived from root kṣar (to flow, drip)

Root: kṣar (class 1)

Note: Describes the elephants implicitly from previous verses.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

यथा (yathā) - like (as, like, in the manner of)

(indeclinable)

मेघान् (meghān) - clouds

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of megha

megha - cloud, rain-cloud

Root: mih (class 1)

स्रवतः (sravataḥ) - flowing (streams) (flowing, streaming)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sravat

sravat - flowing, streaming, trickling

Present Active Participle

Derived from root sru (to flow, stream)

Root: sru (class 1)

Note: Describes the elephants implicitly from previous verses.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

यथा (yathā) - like (as, like, in the manner of)

(indeclinable)

गिरीन् (girīn) - mountains

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of giri

giri - mountain, hill

मेघस्तनितनिर्घोषान् (meghastanitanirghoṣān) - possessing a roar like the thunder of clouds (having roars like thunder of clouds)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of meghastanitanirghoṣa

meghastanitanirghoṣa - having a roar like the sound of thunder from clouds

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (or tatpuruṣa then bahuvrīhi) (megha+stanita+nirghoṣa)

• megha – cloud
  noun (masculine)
  Root: mih (class 1)
• stanita – thunder, roar, sound
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (used as noun)
  Derived from root stan (to thunder, roar)
  Root: stan (class 1)
• nirghoṣa – sound, noise, roar, loud cry
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: nir
  Root: ghuṣ (class 1)

दुर्धर्षान् (durdharṣān) - irresistible (irresistible, unconquerable, difficult to overcome)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of durdharṣa

durdharṣa - difficult to overcome, irresistible, invincible

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle (with 'dur' prefix)

Derived from dur-dhṛṣ (to dare, to be bold) meaning difficult to be dared/attacked

Prefix: dur

Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)

समरे (samare) - in battle (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, combat, conflict

परैः (paraiḥ) - by enemies (by enemies, by others)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of para

para - other, hostile, enemy, supreme

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