वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-5, verse-1

स निकामं विनामेषु विचरन् कामरूपधृक् ।
विचचार कपिर्लङ्कां लाघवेन समन्वितः ॥१॥

1. sa nikāmaṃ vināmeṣu vicaran kāmarūpadhṛk ,
vicacāra kapirlaṅkāṃ lāghavena samanvitaḥ.

1. sa nikāmam vināmeṣu vicaran kāmarūpadhṛk
vicacāra kapiḥ laṅkām lāghavena samanvitaḥ

1. sa kāmarūpadhṛk kapiḥ nikāmam vināmeṣu
lāghavena samanvitaḥ laṅkām vicaran vicacāra

1. The monkey (kapi), assuming any form he desired (kāmarūpadhṛk), moved about with great freedom, exploring the turns and bends of Laṅkā with agility.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he, that

• निकामम् (nikāmam) - greatly, exceedingly, freely, completely

• विनामेषु (vināmeṣu) - in the winding paths or structures of Laṅkā (in bends, in curves, in turns)

• विचरन् (vicaran) - wandering, moving about, roaming

• कामरूपधृक् (kāmarūpadhṛk) - assuming any form at will, having a desired form

• विचचार (vicacāra) - he wandered, he roamed, he moved about

• कपिः (kapiḥ) - Hanumān, the monkey (monkey)

• लङ्काम् (laṅkām) - Lanka (the city/island)

• लाघवेन (lāghavena) - with lightness, with agility, with swiftness

• समन्वितः (samanvitaḥ) - endowed with lightness (endowed with, accompanied by, possessed of)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Hanumān.

निकामम् (nikāmam) - greatly, exceedingly, freely, completely

(indeclinable)

विनामेषु (vināmeṣu) - in the winding paths or structures of Laṅkā (in bends, in curves, in turns)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of vināma

vināma - bending, curving, turn, bend

from vi-nam

Prefix: vi

Root: nam (class 1)

Note: Refers to the winding paths or structures of Laṅkā.

विचरन् (vicaran) - wandering, moving about, roaming

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vicarat

vicarat - wandering, moving about

Present Active Participle

from vi-car, present stem vicar- + śatṛ

Prefix: vi

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'kapiḥ'.

कामरूपधृक् (kāmarūpadhṛk) - assuming any form at will, having a desired form

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāmarūpadhṛk

kāmarūpadhṛk - assuming any form at will, having a desired form

Compound formed with kāma (desire), rūpa (form), and dhṛk (holding)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kāma+rūpa+dhṛ)

• kāma – desire, wish, love
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kam (class 1)
• rūpa – form, appearance, shape, beauty
  noun (neuter)
• dhṛ – holding, bearing, supporting
  adjective
  Agent noun/suffix -dhṛ
  Derived from root dhṛ (to hold)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'kapiḥ'.

विचचार (vicacāra) - he wandered, he roamed, he moved about

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vi-car

Perfect

Reduplicated perfect from vi-car

Prefix: vi

Root: car (class 1)

Note: The main verb of the sentence.

कपिः (kapiḥ) - Hanumān, the monkey (monkey)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kapi

kapi - monkey, ape

Note: Subject of the verb 'vicacāra'.

लङ्काम् (laṅkām) - Lanka (the city/island)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of laṅkā

laṅkā - Laṅkā (the name of an island and city, capital of Rāvaṇa)

Note: Object of the verb 'vicacāra' (roaming towards/through).

लाघवेन (lāghavena) - with lightness, with agility, with swiftness

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of lāghava

lāghava - lightness, agility, swiftness, dexterity

Derived from laghu (light) + -a (abstract suffix)

Note: Describes the manner of movement.

समन्वितः (samanvitaḥ) - endowed with lightness (endowed with, accompanied by, possessed of)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samanvita

samanvita - endowed with, furnished with, accompanied by, possessed of

Past Passive Participle

from sam-anv-i (to go after, to follow) + kta

Prefixes: sam+anu

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'kapiḥ', meaning 'endowed with lightness'.

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